finding neverland movie review Essay - 563 Words

Analysis of Roger Eberts â€Å"Finding Neverland† Film Review â€Å"Finding Neverland† is a recently released motion picture starring acclaimed actors Johnny Depp and Kate Winslet, and directed by Marc Forster (quot;Monsters Ball†) Personally, I loved the movie and It was hard to find a critic that gave the movie a negative review, so I stopped trying to find someone to argue with and I came across the king of all critics, Roger Ebert. I usually dont agree with his reviews, so I figured we would clash on this one, but surprisingly we came to agree on many aspects. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;He makes a point to mention Freddie Highmore and the remarkable job he did playing the angry but sad role of Peter. A very challenging role for a child†¦show more content†¦And then think of his work in quot;Secret Windowquot; (2004), the Stephen King story about the author caught in a nightmare, and his demented CIA agent in quot;Once Upon a Time in Mexicoquot; (2003), and wait until you see him in quot;The Libertine,quot; as the depraved and shameless Earl of Rochester.† He also ignores Kate Winslets performance and the great job she did. One thing that I noticed he didnt get into very much was the sexual side of the film. I was glimpsing over a few other articles on the movie and a lot of reviewers made comments on how Depps character was impotent, and had a thing for little boys. â€Å"And though the film flirts with the suggestion that Barries relationship with the boys may have had unsavory connotations, something that has been much speculated upon, the evidence seems to indicate that Barrie, an extremely short and unattractive fellow with none of the dapper attraction of the handsome Depp, was probably impotent, and that was the source of the dissatisfaction in his marriage.†--- Terry Lawson, Detroit Free Press. I can see where this statement is coming from since they touch upon the subject in the film, but the director did a good job in making sure that Depps character was not creepy, but yet like a child himself. And Depp plays the role with such innocence that you would never question the fact that the boys are simply his muses and he loves that family. He pretends to be a part of it, and it is the only thing thatShow MoreRelatedEntertainment Weekly Magazine Analysis : Entertainment884 Words   |  4 PagesEntertainment Weekly Magazine Analysis Entertainment Weekly is a weekly periodical featuring entertainment related news stories. The magazine is notable for featuring film, television, book, and music reviews. Unlike some magazines targeting specific demographics, Entertainment Weekly appeals to a broad audience. Considering many people of all ages have an interest in the arts, the magazine appeals to both young and old readers. The magazine features celebrities of all ages, along with typically

Child Discipline - 2495 Words

Forms of Discipline: What is best for the child? Children are like flowers, if well taken care of they will bloom. If ignored or tortured, they will wither and die. Child discipline is one of the most important elements of successful parenting. Today, many people have this notion that physical abuse is in no way a solution to helping children discern between right and wrong. Since generations children have been taught the art of discipline through physical punishment. Often this approach to disciplining has resulted in two outcomes, one is where the child becomes more tolerant and is willing to adhere to what he/she has been told, or the other which more often results in children developing a sense of anguish and desire to revolt.†¦show more content†¦Today, there is a common misconception that spanking is a form of child abuse. Some parents are actually afraid to discipline their own children using the same method used for their own upbringing. Who is correct in the notion of right and wrong discipline? Is there such a th ing as a correct way to spank your child? In my opinion, there is. So, my objective is to show that there is a fine line between the two terms Spanking and Child abuse. A Cambridge Dictionary states that Child Abuse occurs â€Å"when adults intentionally treat children in a cruel or violent way.† On the other hand, Spanking in the same dictionary means â€Å"to hit a child with the hand, usually several times on the bottom as a punishment.† In this way, the line between the two can be drawn where too much spanking results in bruises and scars on the child. Therefore, parents should not spank their children when they are angry themselves as the spank would turn out to be an unintentional smack. When this occurs, parents tend to accidently take out their frustration on the child. Primarily, this is when Spanking, a form of discipline, starts drifting towards the entire concept of ‘child abuse’. However, this misconception has led to many unwanted situations where parents have been sent to jail by their own children. In a generalShow MoreRelatedParental Discipline And Child Abuse1809 Words   |  8 Pagespunishments as a child most likely became more disciplined earlier than everyone else and most likely still is. To be clear, the intended definition of punishments to be used is a penalization for committing an act that would be considered unacceptable in the eyes of the parent i.e. swearing, fighting, being disrespectful, etc. This is also known as parental discipline. Although it may not seem like it there is a clear boundary separating parental discipline from child abuse. Parental discipline is intendedRead MorePhysical Discipline And Child Behavior Problems Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Physical Discipline and Child Behavior Problems: A study of Ethnic Group Differences† by Jodi Polaha, Robert E. Larzelere, Steven K. Sharpio and Gregory S. Petit is researching the relation between parental discipline and how it relates to the child’s behavior expression problems within different ethnic groups. They’re addressing how physical discipline in different ethnic groups can affect children’s way of expressing themselves in distinct ways. Previous research shows when a parent’s discipline is abusiveRead MorePosition Paper- Child Abuse and Discipline1181 Words   |  5 PagesPARENTAL DISCIPLINE AND ABUSE Parental discipline and child abuse are among the most controversial topics currently, and they cause serious problems for children in the United States. Child abuse essentially focuses on the child’s bad behaviors and gives the child emotional and physical harms. Forms of abuse include spanking, hitting, saying negative things and corporal punishment. In fact, parental discipline is a much more appropriate way of dealing with negative behavior than using abusiveRead MoreWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse?1486 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse? In this report, I concentrated my research on the fine line between physical discipline and child abuse, with emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocates’ and Department of Children and Families’ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spankingRead MoreChild Discipline Expository Writing1576 Words   |  7 PagesA Fine Line between Child Abuse and Discipline Child abuse is the physical injury of a child inflicted by a parent which ranges from superficial bruises, broken bones, burns, serious internal injuries and in some cases, death (Prevent Child Abuse America). Child abuse is a topic that causes rage in many discussions throughout the country because it is outrageous actions against innocent children. Many parents question whether discipline can become child abuse. Bell Hooks is an educated woman, feministRead MoreChildren Should Not Withhold Discipline From A Child845 Words   |  4 PagesDo not withhold discipline from a child; if you strike him with a rod, he will not die. If you strike him with the rod, you will save his soul from Sheol.Proverbs 23:13-14. Spanking children is used as a form of discipline if brought upon with a valid reason. Peoples opinions may very because everything has an extent it can be taken to expressly discipline. Disciplining children has been an widely controversial topic for many years as in the forms , the things used to discipline children, and theRead MoreShould Child Discipline On A Physical Level?1462 Words   |  6 PagesIs it illegal to slap or smack a child as a form of discipline? Should it be? With the changing of times questions are being raised whether or not smacking or slapping a child is right or wrong by todays standards, This essay is going to argue why child discipline on a physical level should not only been illegal but why the country as a whole needs to ban it. As of the current point in time there are currently no laws making slapping, smacking or striking a child â€Å"illegal†. The only law that isRead MoreChild Discipline3229 Words   |  13 PagesAnton Shusterman June 4th, 2011 Child Discipline The most important thing in a child’s life is how his parents treat him. His future and the potential for growth and success are determined by the type of childhood that a person experiences. Sometimes parents don’t understand how important it is to treat their children well. Parents don’t think about the words that they say to their children or the actions that they take around them. Some parents think their children are too small and they willRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Discipline925 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween child abuse and child discipline. Abuse is any action that intentionally harms or injures another person. Discipline is punishment that is intended to correct or train. Some parents do not see the harm in their form of discipline, but others may view it as abuse. It may not be the parent’s intention to harm their child but it is something that occurs. â€Å"In 2012, state agencies found an estimate 686,000 of child maltreatment.† .*(*K ids Count) Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuseRead MoreIs Discipline A Child Abuse?969 Words   |  4 PagesIs Discipline Child Abuse? What does the word child abuse mean in your own words? Some people believe child abuse includes neglect, punishment, physical or emotional maltreatment. Child abuse is all over the world. Every day a child is either abused or neglected. Since the late 1900’s child abuse was commonly used in the United States (Gale). Now it is slowly coming to its ending point. Since 1992, only two states, Delaware and Oklahoma, have experienced consistent increases today. Is discipline

Portfolio Management And Diversification Essay Example For Students

Portfolio Management And Diversification Essay PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT AND DIVERSIFICATIONIntroduction:Portfolio management is a conglomeration of securities as whole, rather than unrelated individual holdings. Portfolio management stresses the selection of securities for inclusion in the portfolio based on that security’s contribution to the portfolio as a whole. This purposes that there some synergy or some interaction among the securities results in the total portfolio effect being something more than the sum of its parts. When the securities are combined in a portfolio, the return on the portfolio will be an average of the returns of the securities in the portfolio. For example, if a portfolio was comprised on equal positions in two securities, whose returns are 15% and 20%, the return on the portfolio, will the average of the returns of the two securities in the portfolio, or 17.5%. From this we will discuss the process of creating a diversified portfolio. The diversified portfolio is a theory of investing that reduces t he risk of losing all your money when â€Å"all your eggs† are not in one basket. Diversification limits your risk an over the long run, can improve your total returns. This is achieved by putting assets in several categories of investments. Portfolio Process:The portfolio process is as follows:1. Designing an investment objective;2. Developing and implementing an asset mix;3. Monitoring the economy and the markets;4. Adjusting the portfolio and measuring the performanceDue to the intensity of each of the four items, we will be covering only the first two. 1. Investment Objective:This topic is broad and contains three major divisions. They are foundation objectives, constraints and major objectives. Foundation Objectives: These objectives generally receive the most attention from investors and are determined by thorough determination of your needs, preferences and resources. ? Return – you need to determine whether you prefer a strategy of return maximization, where assets are invested to make the greatest return possible while staying within the risk tolerance level, or whether a required minimum return with certainty is preferable, generating only as much return with emphasis on risk reduction. ? Risk – There are many ways to assess the risk tolerance of any particular investor, from the least knowledgeable of investments to the very sophisticated investor. Besides the risk you are willing to take, there must be a measure of the risk associated with each security be considered for the inclusion in the portfolio. It is important to recognize the difference between the risk of an individual security and the risk of the portfolio as a whole. The risk of a portfolio is less than the average risk of its holdings, your risk tolerance should be matched to the risk of the overall portfolio and not to the risk of each security. ? Inflation – Although some degree of inflation protection is needed, the extent will vary depending upon the time horizon and the goal of using the portfolio to generate income for future cash consideration. Whereas, someone using a short term trading strategy and interested in maximization of capital gains may concentrate less on this factor. ? Time Horizon The time horizon is the period of time from the present until the next major change in your circumstances. A good portfolio design will reflect this time change. For example – at 25 years of age and normal retirement at age 60 does not necessarily mean the time horizon is 35 years. Different events in your life can represent the end of one time horizon and the beginning of a new time horizon and a need for a complete rebalancing of your portfolio. These events could include finishing university, purchase of a new home and many others beside retirement. ? Liquidity In portfolio management this is the amount of cash and near-cash in the portfolio. For liquidity purposes, if you are wealthy and risk tolerant you may choice to have about 5% of your portfolio in cash, this does mean that the cash component will never rise above 5% due to the market cycle. Whereas those who are risk adverse may choice to have 10% or more in cash. ? Taxation The level of taxation will determine the choices that are made in regards to the choice of tax advantaged securities such as some limited partnerships as well as the choice of tax deferral plans. The Knife Essay? Equities – There are several different types of securities included in this asset class. The following are just a few of such securities: common shares, rights, warrants and options. The main purpose of this asset class is generate capital gains either through active trading or long term growth in value. There will also be cash from this section due to a dividend stream. The objectives and constraints that will have influence in this asset class are risk, return, time horizon and inflation to name a few. This account may also account for 15% to 95% of a diversified portfolio. 2. Asset Mix:The next step in the asset allocation process to determine the appropriate balance among the selected asset classes. To determine the appropriate asset mix you must know who you are and what you want out of your investment. A different mix would occur if you were young professional, a middle aged factory worker or a senior citizen. For example:? Young, single professional with medium investment, high risk tolerance and long time horizon may choose the following asset mix:Cash 5%Fixed Income 25%Equities 70%? Middle-aged factory worker, married, three children. With concerns about future employment and funding college education, with low investment knowledge and medium risk tolerance may choice the following asset mix:Cash 10%Fixed Income 40%Equities 50%? Senior citizen with no income other than government pension, with medium time horizon and low risk tolerance may choice the following asset mix:Cash 8%Fixed Income 62%Equities 30%When creating your diversified portfolio i t will need to be constructed within your own particular risk guidelines. Therefore it is important to manage risk within your portfolio. When managing risk there two types of risk to be cognizant of, they are:? Systematic or market risk This risk pertains to each capital market, which can be volatile. Therefore, when the stock market averages fall, most individual stocks fall and when interest rates rise nearly all-individual bonds and preferred shares fall in value. Systematic risk can not be diversified away; the more a portfolio becomes diversified, the more it ends up mirroring the market. ? Nonsystematic or security specific risk – This risk pertains to the risk that the price of a specific security or a specific group of securities will change in price to a different degree or in a different direction from the market as a whole. Diversifying among a number of securities can reduce nonsystematic risk. Both of these types of risk can be avoided when you correctly evaluate your risk guidelines and determine the maximum amount of risk that you are willing to handle. Conclusion: Once your portfolio has been established then next step in the management is to evaluate your portfolio’s performance. The success of your portfolio is determined by comparing the total rate of return of the portfolio to the average total return of comparable portfolios. It is essential to develop a system to monitor the appropriateness of the securities that comprise the portfolio and the strategies governing it. The process is twofold as it involves monitoring:? The changes in your goals, financial position and preferences;? Expectations in capital markets and individual companies;Remember that diversification is more than placing your eggs in different baskets. It is also making sure that all your baskets aren’t made from the same material. BibliographyReferences:Wall Street 101, www.familyint ernet.comLearning to Invest, www.learningtoinvest.comYour Money Coach, www.yourmoneycoach.comBusiness Essays

Training is the Answer

Introduction In this article, the author has developed a very strong argument on whether or not training can be considered as an ultimate solution. He both agrees and disagrees with this argument but all in all, in his agreement, a negative response is clearly seen.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training is the Answer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His bottom line, however, is that training is not enough hence cannot be the only solution, rather it is part of the solution. In the article, he says that training cannot be a solution to any problem and more so when used as a way of covering up the main problem (Blanchard Thacker 2010). Author’s Main Point He argues that a solution can only be reached when an organization checks how it dealt with a similar problem in the past, and also how other companies are dealing with the same problem. This will give the troubled company a valid structure to build up in the attempt to solve its issues. His argument is backed by the notion that there is almost zero chances for anything new to happen in the world. Everything that happens happened in the past to another organization. With such an understanding, then it is important to note that help can also be derived from other victims of the same problem. Training according to the author is not an effective method if not well administered. He says clearly that training is not an ‘information dump’ rather the main reason for effecting a training program should be to change people’s behavior (Blanchard Thacker 2010). Training without a purpose will not have any impact on the organization and will ultimately be a waste of time and resources. Effective Training The question an organization should ask before strategizing on training should be what the training will do to the trainees: not necessarily the content of the training kit, but the way that training will affect the train ee in terms of behavior. He puts more emphasis on the transformation via training rather than passing knowledge.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are two arguments about the approach of training that the author puts in the first place in the article. The first one is suggested by Robert Reich, and it says that effective programs concentrate on the middle and low level employees. Another argument presented by the author is raised by Oberle. He argues that job training should be focused on leaders. The Oberle’s approach assumes that leaders demonstrating good behaviors will be role models for their teams and hence, will have a good influence on the rest of the workers. Barney (2010) in his article agrees with the two arguments while defining which of the approaches to the behavioral change will have a greater impact if training is focused on it. The author explic itly shows the good and the bad sides of a training program. While a program can benefit one person differently from the other, employees are developing a negative response toward training due to some reasons. One of the reasons that makes it ineffective is the fact that many employees are forced to attend these programs (Nowack, 1991). A good example is the scenario he has presented where an employee was forced by her employer to attend a program just because the boss was a product of the same. In the case above, the employer will attend that program as a slave rather than with the much needed learning approach. In such a situation therefore, it is impossible to transform the trainee since his or her attitude is already damaged, Aad this has been experienced in programs whereby the employees were forced to attend training programs which did not suit them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training is the Answer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11 /page Learn More That is why the author advices that the training program should have a specific target audience and a precise intention to transform workers’ character into desired habits. Steps to Effective Training To help the employee from such a situation, the author recommends some simple preparatory steps to that effect (Blanchard Thacker 2010). They include: Considering the employee’s input before effecting a program to train them. Creating an effective track record through simple beginning Define natural leaders within the team who will then advocate and recommend the training to the rest. Make sure the employees understood the problem and agree with the need for training. Inform the employees of the progress to gain support Test the program before rolling it out to all. Train only when the need for training arises. Select, monitor evaluate the training program every now and then. Decide on the training details such as an outside or inside tra iner and on-site or off-site training among other steps. My Opinion I agree with the author’s point of view that training may not offer the ultimate solution to any organizational problem. However, I still maintain that training is vital if any progress is to be realized. For a personal or organizational behavior to be harmonized, there has to be a form of training to help have a level playing ground. The employees have to be taught ways in which the leadership desires them to behave and conduct the business (Nowack, 1991). For this reason, training is the only tool that can help mitigate this problem. In addition to that, I believe training is paramount and the notion that it is of no economic importance is far fetched. My opinion is supported in the article by the admission made by the author’s steps of achieving an effective training program. There is no way the corporate culture of a company can be matched without introducing a wholesome training program that supp orts growth. To pass corporate culture from one generation of workers to the next training is vital. Helping the Course This article has helped in analyzing the user training. It has clearly shown how training can be effective, as well as demonstrated approaches that can lead to retrogressive efforts in the name of training. The steps provided give the reader an outline on how to manage training and make training programs as effective as possible.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The approach of looking at how others with a similar problem handled it is a viable way to find a solution. The author therefore has given the reader an opportunity to critically look at the training programs he or she may want to effect in a different light all together. Conclusion In conclusion, this article has been well researched and the facts therein are accurately presented to show the real image of the training or rather the HR department. It has given a new approach and knowledge in the process of training and now the HR departments know better about the need for training. Training, as discussed in the article, should not be a routine but an action influenced a rising or even an anticipated need. References Blanchard, N.P., Thacker, J. (2010). Effective training, systems, strategies and practices (Custom 4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Nowack, K.M. (1991). A Quantitative Approach to Training Needs Analysis. Training and Development Journal, 1 (45), 69-73. Retrieved from: http://performancetechnology.com/ptg_pdfs/qp0305stetar.pdf This essay on Training is the Answer was written and submitted by user Thunderball to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Loctite case free essay sample

The case of Loctite Company de Mexico presents an example of an inefficient incentive system that leads to lack of motivation, high employee turnover and internal competition. Given the need of keeping salesmen motivated Loctite used a MCS based on result control by establishing compensations based on performance. According to Merchant and Van der Stede (2012), result control influence actions because they make that employees will be concerned about the consequences of such actions. In this kind of control employees are empowered to take whatever actions they believe will best produce the desired results. However, in Loctite this incentive system was not effective and was yielding unwanted effects. To understand the fault in their system, a set of conditions for the result controls to work have to be examined, as proposed by Merchant and Van der Stede (2012): 1. Managers know what results are desired: In order for controls to be effective organizations must be aware of what their prefered results in an area are and these desires needs to be effectively communicated to the employees who are active in that area. We will write a custom essay sample on Loctite case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In case of the result chosen being wrong or the importance of an area is given inaccurate significance it motivates employees to undertake wrong actions (Merchant and Van der Stede, 2012). In the case of Loctite, results controls are focused on the improvement of sales (15%) and margins (20%). So, the targets are devoted to maximize shareholder value. 2. Employees have the ability to influence the desired results. If the results area are totally uncontrollable by the employees, the measures reveal nothing about what actions or decisions were taken. In our case, the sales people complain about the lack of tools to achieve their aims. Indeed, the price and the place are fixed by the top management and salespeople are not allowed to derogate to these two important aspects of the marketing mix. It could be argued that this is what Merchant and Van der Stede (2012) call action control by behavior constraint. In this way, their principal selling strength is the relationship with engineering, production, maintenance manager to provide them the most adequate product at their needs. However, these kind of products are easily duplicated by competitors. So, salespeople’s inventiveness permits only to generate the first sales but not to compete in the long term against cheap competitors. This situation does not provide any motivation, because salespeople feel powerless to achieve their results. 3. The organization can measure the results effectively. Results measures should be precise, objective, timely and understandable. In our case, we can see that measures are made once every two months. That allows to keep a pressure over employees and also to obtain a rapid feedback over â€Å"a less mature market†. The understandability is divided into two aspects, employees must understand both what they are being held accountable for (improve the sales) and what they must do to influence the measure (list of standards of performance targets). However, like we have seen above, this list may not permit to achieve results due to lack of controllability. All in all, it could be argued that in Loctite’s case the result control was not effective due to the lack of controllability which led to lack of motivation since it was negatively affected by behavioral constraints. The performance-dependent compensation systems of Loctite has it advantages, however it fails to provide incentive in certain areas as the personnel does not believe in the system. According to Merchant and Van der Stede (2012) in order for ideal motivation performance-dependent rewards have to satisfy certain criteria, rewards should be: valued, large enough to have impact, understandable, timely, durable, reversible cost efficient. For instances Loctites profit sharing compensation provided the employees with no motivation as they â€Å"They take [the payments] for granted† (p. 57). Moreover the sales targets where in many cases unrealistic due to the market situation in Mexico along with many competitors. Not meeting their required targets made the sales personnel loose motivation and made for a high staff turnover. In this case, a solution is recommended to improve the MCS at Loctite. A personnel control should be introduced in salesmen level. Merchant and Van der Stede (2012) believe that employees have natural tendencies to do what is right. Lack of motivation and personal limitations can be solved by the improvement in self-control, ethics and morality, loyalty through reselection and replacement, training, job design and provision of resources. Another initiative could be giving them a good work environment and the necessary resources.

The Necessary Cruelty of Medieval Rulers essays

The Necessary Cruelty of Medieval Rulers essays In reading Machiavellis The Prince, one would gather many insights into the sort of moves a ruler should make and into the mind of Machiavelli. Machiavelli has many topics and gives a lot of advice, but some of his advice is more drastic than others. For instance, Machiavelli states that cruelty should be pursued in occasional acts of severity as needed to put a message out to the public. It is used to set an example and grab the attention and most importantly fear of the princes subjects. Machiavelli states this because in order for the Prince to keep his subjects fearing him, which Machiavelli leans toward as a better option than their love, the Prince must exercise his authority and show the people that he means business. In order to keep them under control and prevent any sort of insurrection. Therefore, Machiavellis references to necessary cruelty and being feared are simply actions a ruler must take to keep safety and order in a kingdom. Cruelty is a subject which dictators and princes alike have dealt with as long as crimes have required punishment. It is a tough subject for a ruler to deal with, but it is necessary that a ruler, according to Machiavellis point of view, be cruel when it is needed. Machiavellis justification is that if a ruler comes out with cruelty against one or a few individuals for a crime or any disobedient action. It is better to inflict consequences on a few individuals than it is to be merciful and to let the problem at hand grow. If you let something slide before the public, people see it. The public may have higher favor for or even love a king if he grants mercy. However, it only triggers another affect from those who would commit a crime which requires consequences. The people who are on the side of the guilty party and people who are simply on the opposite side of the Prince would be smiling at his mercy more than any other subjects. The reason is that the...

Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Capstone - Essay Example The mission and vision provide a target for the company’s strategy development. This means that a single criterion of a careful strategy is how efficiently it assists the firm in achieving its mission and vision (Bonaich, 2004). Strategies are clear on what the company will do and not do in order to achieve the mission and vision. The company’s vision also gives a bridge between the strategy and the mission. Wall-mart vision and mission enhance the spirit of continuous innovation of products and also their improvement (Edward, 2006). The mission and vision give a top notch guide, and the company’s strategy provide a more certain guide, to the company’s goals and objectives (Chazen, 2002). This shows both the successes and the failures of the set strategy, and at the same time, the satisfaction of the set objectives found in the mission (Bonaich, 2004). The stakeholders are the pillar of the organization they are essential during the starting period of the company, but once the firm became functional it was the customers who keep the business going (Fishman, 2006). Customers are influential in generating revenue which is crucial for running the company (Ruta, 2009). Customers of Wall Mart are, therefore, the most influential stakeholders of the company. Employees give the necessary human resources that move the engine of production of goods and marketing of the produced goods (Chazen, 2002). Without them, the company is unlikely to function even if there exists customers and shareholders ready to purchase the goods offered by the company. Employees of Wall Mart are highly treasured since they are the ones selling and marketing the products to consumers (Bonaich, 2004). Suppliers of the goods and services are vital as they provide the goods which the company depends on to produce or sell its outputs. Without them, marketing and production become rendered null and void. Society impacts the organization in a big way (Ruta,

Elder Abuse In Patients With Dementia By Cares Dissertation

Elder Abuse In Patients With Dementia By Cares - Dissertation Example An assessment carried out for Ireland’s National Dementia Strategy (Cooper, Manela, Katona, & Livingston, 2008) offers evidence on the dominance of dementia and on the provision of dementia care in Ireland. Results point out that there are 41,740 individuals with dementia in Ireland, most of whom are over 65 years of age. A substantial percentage of these older people, 23,058, live in the community where care is available, in the main, by household caregivers, largely by women, within an embryonic and fragmented community support services frame (Pillemer & Suitor, 1992). Family caregivers of elder people with dementia may be uninformed of activities that are offensive (Beech et al. 2005). Additionally, such activities may have negative or positive effects on the older person. For instance, in a study titled Caring for Relatives with Dementia (CARD), over half of caregivers self-reported committing physical or psychological mistreatment of their care-recipient and one third met the benchmarks of substance abuse. Elder abuse has received substantial consideration in public addresses, policy reports and study as the issue has progressively been debated and studied and efforts have been made to address it (Naughton, Drennan, Treacy, Lafferty, Lyons, Phelan, O’Loughlin & Delaney, 2010). At the same time, new angles have exceeded the outdated, medical perception of dementia, permitting new considerations from other disciplines to arise, which draw attention to the economic and social inferences of the disorder (Alzheimer’s Association, 2012). In this context, a connection between dementia and a higher threat of elder abuse has been proven.

How to Relieve Stress and Anxiety Through Yoga Essay Example for Free

How to Relieve Stress and Anxiety Through Yoga Essay Stress is an inevitable part of life. Our jobs, families and friends are constant potential sources of stress in our lives. People are constantly on the search for ways to deal with their stress. Yoga has been proven as a means of dealing with stress so in this essay I will discuss how yoga has been used to deal with stress and anxiety. By definition, Yoga is; â€Å"a Hindu spiritual and ascetic discipline, a part of which, including breath control, simple meditation, and the adoption of specific bodily postures, is widely practiced for health and relaxation†. I feel that it is a very calming and soothing form of exercise that also manages to improve health, flexibility and thought-processing skills. When people are stressed or suffering from anxiety, they tend to think less logically, sleep less, eat unhealthily and practice less exercise. However, dealing with ones stress is the best idea in improving ones lifestyle so, yoga is a practical solution for these issues. Specifically, yoga is more than just stretching. It loosens up the tense muscles in the body (due to the vast amounts of stretching) especially (the high stress areas); the neck, the shoulders and the back. It combines a loosening the muscles with regular deep breathing and relaxation of the mind. When practicing yoga, one must always â€Å"stay in the moment†, it is one of the key phrases of the activity. When people are stressed they constantly think of their next upcoming deadlines rather than focusing on the now. Yoga manages to relax the person by allowing you to think solely on the moment. When in a yoga pose you only think of the current pose and how it should match your breathing, thinking and balance. You cant think of your pose if youre thinking of your problems therefore, the poses are designed to make you think about the moment so you can successfully accomplish them. In doing so, you become so involved in your pose that you forget about the issues which caused you stress in the first place. Also, yoga emphasizes slow deep breathing which, in itself, is a means of dealing with anxiety therefore already helping the person to relax. This means that one of the core features of yoga is already a means of solving anxiety. Breathing is the key to yoga stress management. Instructors encourage people to focus on their breathing because it allows you to focus on something other than your stress. Listening to your own breath makes your problems seem further away because you pay more attention to your core self rather than your external issues. Every yoga class ends with a corpse pose. This pose is designed for deep relaxation. After undergoing several challenging poses that really stretch out the tense muscles, the corpse pose (or â€Å"playing dead†) allows your body to re-adjust whilst also relaxing the mind. Whilst â€Å"playing dead† I tend to not think about anything and just flow with the music like â€Å"a pebble flowing in the river†. This is possibly the most relaxing phase of yoga because of motionlessness of the body after an intense session. This phase can be so relaxing that many people even tend to fall asleep. This is clearly a sign that yoga works because, stressed people do not sleep easily. As college students, yoga can be very useful at peak times such as; before class, before a test or before going to bed. Before a test you can easily do some neck and shoulder rolls and relieve yourself. Before bed, if you have a lot of things on your mind, you can do a few stretches (maintaing them for 3 to 4 full breaths) and thus relax yourself enough to sleep comfortably without any impending thoughts. In conclusion, I feel that yoga is very useful for stress and anxiety relief. In my personal experience, yoga has helped me become a less stressed and thus more comfortable person because I have found an escape as a college student from the, occasionally, mundane and monotonous routine.

Sexism in the Media and Music Industry | Essay

Sexism in the Media and Music Industry | Essay Introduction Sexism is the type of behavior created by a society through gender conditioning which equally degrades both men and women. â€Å"Sexism is the subordination of one sex, usually female, based on the assumed superiority of [another] sex† (Kendall, 2004, p. 76). It refers to a system of beliefs that objectifies and lowers the status of one sex and that creates reason of discrimination on the basis of this status. Examples of this attitude are sexist humor, sexist naming, sexual violence and employment discrimination. At personal level sexism refers to behaviors and attitudes that are used in everyday interactions. Gender or sex role related to the difference between men and women that are society or culture originated. SEXISM IN MEDIA In the few last years we have read and watched women who are not afraid to talk out about sexism attacks, abusively written about , threatened with hostile actions and being send aggressive and sexually detailed tweets, Facebook messages and emails. Almost every women have been on the receiving end of such abuse and I think every women should stand up for herself and be heard, writing this assignment can be just one small part to achieve change, people should realize how the media degrades women or the impact it has on individuals and our society. SEXISM IN MUSIC Popular culture takes everything to an extreme exaggeration, including this type of sexism, to earn profit. As the mainstream music industry that have grown over the last 10 years, the majority of the songs that are being played on the radio and channels are not appropriate, even the inappropriate words is replaced with something cheesy and age-appropriate ,it does not help or change the message hidden in this songs. In the article written by Tricia Ross â€Å"There are Bitches and Hoes,† she is addressing that rap/hip-hop and urban culture has often promoted the demeaning of women in the music industry. Popular old hip hop artists like Too Short, Dr. Dre, 50 Cent, and Snoop Dogg are among the few hip hop artists that are allowing the degrading of women. Snoop’s popular lyrics â€Å"Bitches ain’t shit, but hoes and tricks,† and Too Short’s song â€Å"Gangstas and Strippers† are so inappropriate for being released on the music industry. The hi p hop culture advertises the idea that being a pimp to a woman is completely fine. Their defense being that â€Å"they are talking about a reality of life and dare people to deny it† (Rose 322). Popular artist like Snoop tries to justify his song by saying he is not talking about all the women even though even though they don’t specify the type of women they sing or rap about. â€Å"There is no question that the sexism that‘s in our hip-hop videos is a reflection of how sexist men are in the world today. It‘s just that in the past things weren‘t so obvious† (Russell Simmons, co-founder of Def. Jam Records). Since its birth in 1974 till today’s popularity worldwide, hip-hop music has extremely changed. Nowadays in the hip-hop music and music videos, there is many explicit words that degrades women. In many music videos women have no individuality and are promoted as sexual playthings and eye candy. Artists, such as Eminem, Ludacris, R.Kelly, Lil Wayne, Robin Thicke and Chris Brown are among the many artist who describe women as objects of harassment or male controlled world by communicating that submission is a desirable action by woman. Most of the messages in their song glorify sexism against women including rape, abuse and advertise gender objectification and dehumanizes women mainly. Robin Thicke and Pharell Williams’s popular song in 2013 â€Å"blurred lines† created a controversy with the lyrics such as† I know you want it, But youre a good girl ,The way you grab me, Must wanna get nasty† ,well you cant know they want it unless they tell you they want it, he assumes she want it. It advertises and promotes attitude towards sex and consent. Many people have called the song a rape song, the song would have escaped censure if the music video, that had Robin Thicke, Pharell Williams and T.I all three of them dancing and goofing around with barely dressed girls and that is the clean version, the other version had topless models, this has generated its own separate but also overlapping controversy. People who have been calling this song completely offensive to women have a strong case. Nevertheless, the song is about setting a good girl free by telling and showing her that she really wants some crazy sex that she is not even asking for. Robin Thicke keeps repeating the lyrics I know you want it while his rapping partner T.I. raps Ill give you something big enough to tear your ass in two. In GQ magazine when Robin Thicke was interviewed, he said, We tried to do everything that was taboo. Bestiality, drug injections, and everything that is completely derogatory towards women. Because all three of us are happily married with children, we were like, Were the perfect guys to make fun of this. What underlies Robin Thicke’s depressing statement this that if the men respect their women, it is alright for them to degrade their women. The artist makes it sadly clear when he explains: People say, Hey, do you think this is degrading to women? Im like, Of course it is. What a pleasure it is to degrade a woman. Ive never gotten to do that before. Ive always respected women, not only is he saying it totally fine to degrade women, it’s actually fun. All issues in the world exist within these lines. The thought that it’s a â€Å"pleasure† to demean women after he had lived all his life respecting them is ridiculous. That it’s even funny or that he could do that because he is happily married with woman and has children is the thought of someone completely deluded, who has been living his complete life in a bubble of entitlement. Kanye West’s latest album has been accused for its sexist words against women, it also has been criticized by male and female critics alike as a very amazing, brilliant and bold album. Most of the attention and reviews focused on Kanye West’s potential sacrilege and harmful use of racism, few people called out his offensive and degrading attitude towards women. â€Å"Took her to the Bleau, she tried to sip the fountain/ That when David Grutman kicked her out/ But I got her back in and put my dick in her mouth.† Those are some lyrics from Kanye West’s first track, â€Å"On Sight,† which seems to refer directly to West’s girlfriend and mother of his baby girl Kim Kardashian and her relationship with Grutman, who is one of the people in-charge of Fontainebleau hotel in Miami, which would means he wrote this disgusting lyrics about the women he allegedly loves and about to marry. West himself was raised by a single working mother, whom he respected and loved. He was raised by a feminist, although she was never named that but She was a strong-willed woman who had raised an artist who both claims to completely inspired and completely, purposely sexist. The most interesting fact about hip-hop artists using this language towards women to be alright is the women’s reactions and behavior while listening to this music .When a young woman, a fan of the certain artist, listens to lyrics in the song like â€Å"bitches and hoes,† the hip hop musician is encouraging fans to imitate the behaviors and acts of these so-called â€Å"bitches and hoes.† Women participate not only in the acts these rappers are rapping about but also are featured in the music videos. These women who participate in this videos are called â€Å"video hoes† or â€Å"video vixen. When a women participates in this behaviors or staring in these rapper’s videos and even singing along in their car points out that they are okay with sexism. Being against sexism in a society or culture that takes advantage of it is not very easy, in a system that rewards us for participating. In another parts of the world, a group consisting of all girl Indian rock band have been disbanded after being targeted online by hate campaigns and have been issued fatwa (Islamic legal opinion handed down by an Islamic religious leader) against them . Pragaash (meaning â€Å"First Light† in Kashmiri) have won the third place in the battle of the bands a competition that’s being held in the Muslim dominated Kashmir, but the attention they gained after their achievement in the competition was so horrible that it caused them not to only stop their performances but to end their ties to the music industry, even one of three band members have fled her city to another. These girls have been called â€Å"whores† and â€Å"prostitutes† by these online hate campaign members and are being called indecent by the issued fatwa against them, while they were all wearing jeans, scarfs and long-sleeved shirts/jackets. While many members of both local and online communities have shown their support for the band members, others have being continuously threatening the girls and their immediate families, and they accused the girls of western-style culture influence. The nature of this matter is obviously affected by culture and religious differences but the main fact remains the same, that sexism is common around the globe. It also asks the question of how much more do we need to develop before it is universally know that this type of act is not simply unfair or harmful but that it is also a crime.

About Ginger

Ginger or ginger root is the rhizome of the plant Zingiber officinale, consumed as a delicacy, medicine, or spice. It lends its name to its genus and family (Zingiberaceae). Other notable members of this plant family are turmeric, cardamom, and galangal. Ginger cultivation began in South Asia and has since spread to East Africa and the Caribbean. Ginger oil has been shown to prevent skin cancer in mice and a study at the University of Michigan demonstrated that gingerols ([6]-gingerol) can kill ovarian cancer cells. Ginger can also heal inflammation. Ginger is particularly useful in treating chronic inflammation because it partially inhibits two important enzymes that play a role in inflammation gone awry — cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX). Ginger does not cause stomach irritation; instead it helps protect and heal the gut. Ginger also treats a broader range of the inflammatory problem because it affects both the COX and the LOX enzymes. And because it doesn't shut down the inflammatory process entirely, ginger may actually allow it to work properly and then turn itself off, the way it does with an injury. Besides reducing inflammation, ginger has many other benefits. It helps relieve nausea, destroys a host of viruses, and in some laboratory studies has shown promise as an anticancer agent. Health care professionals may recommend ginger to help prevent or treat nausea and vomiting from motion sickness, pregnancy, and cancer chemotherapy. It is also used to treat mild stomach upset, to reduce pain of osteoarthritis, and may even be used in heart disease. Ginger extract is not widely known as a solution for hair loss, but it has properties to improve blood circulation in the scalp, which may protect the hair from falling off.

Rawls Theory Essay

A contemporary philosopher, John Rawls (1921-2002), is noted for his contributions to political and moral philosophy. In particular, Rawls’ discussion about justice introduced five important concepts into discourse, including: the two principles of justice, the â€Å"original position† and â€Å"veil of ignorance,† reflective equilibrium, overlapping consensus, and public reason. What is interesting about these five contributions is how Rawls’ speculative thought has been used by scholars across disciplinary lines, influencing such diverse academic disciplines as economics, law, political science, sociology, and theology. A theory of justice†¦ Rawls’ most famous work, A Theory of Justice (1971), provides an introduction to this body of thought as well as some of its implications for ethics. Like many philosophers before him, Rawls focused upon justice because of its substantive importance for organizing and governing society. The problem, however, involves defining what that term means theoretically (i.e., speculatively about organizing and governing society) and practically (i.e., the consequences for people and their lives). Generally, speaking, justice can be defined in one of two ways. One definition emphasizes an individual’s merit or lack of it. According to this definition, each individual must be treated exactly as one deserves. This â€Å"merit theory† of justice, reflecting utilitarian ethics, uses merit to determine just how individual members of society will be rewarded or punished based solely upon whether one’s conduct is useful or harmful to society. The â€Å"need theory† of justice, which assumes that individual members of society should help those other members who are most in need so as to redress their disadvantages, reflects the influence of natural law theory and Kant’s categorical imperative. In this view, â€Å"doing good† dictates that every member of society recognize that need entitles the most disadvantaged to some sort of special consideration and that the more advantaged must compensate the disadvantaged with the goal of bringing them up to an acceptable level of advantage. Attempting to balance the demands posed by these rival theories, Rawls maintained that inequalities in society can only be justified if they produce increased benefits for the entire society and only if those previously the most disadvantaged members of society are no worse off as a result of any inequality. An inequality, then, is justified if it contributes to social utility, as the merit theory asserts. But, at the same time, Rawls argued, priority must be given to the needs of the least advantaged, as the needs theory asserts. Thus, differential rewards are allowed to the advantaged members of society but not because of any merit on their part. No, these rewards are tolerated because they provide an incentive for the advantaged which ultimately will prove beneficial to society (e.g., taxing the advantaged with the goal of redistributing the wealth to provide for the least advantaged). The original position†¦ Using a thought experiment Rawls called â€Å"the original position† from which agents behind a â€Å"veil of ignorance† select principles of justice to govern society, Rawls argued that two principles serve to organize society, the â€Å"liberty principle† and the â€Å"difference principle.† He rooted the original position in and extended the concept of â€Å"social contract† previously espoused by Hobbes, Rousseau, and Locke which made the principles of justice the object of the contract binding members of society together. In addition, Rawls’ advocacy of treating people only as ends and never as means rooted his philosophical speculations in and extended Kant’s categorical imperative. According to Rawls, a society is a cooperative venture between free and equal persons for the purpose of mutual advantage. Cooperation among members makes life better because cooperation increases the stock of what it is rational for members of societ y to desire irrespective of whatever else its members may want. Rawls calls these desires â€Å"primary goods† which include among others: health, rights, income, and the social bases of self-respect. The problem every society must confront, Rawls noted, is that the members will oftentimes disagree about what constitutes the good and how the benefits and burdens within society will be distributed among its members. Some believe, for example, that the good consists in virtuous conduct which perfects the commonweal while others believe that the good is discovered in the pursuit of individual happiness, at least in so far as the members of society define these terms. Some members believe that an individual’s merit should determine how one will participate in society’s benefits while others believe that society must provide the least advantaged extra assistance so that they will be able to share equally in society’s benefits. If society is to exist and to endure despite these and other such differences, its members must de rive a consensus regarding what minimally constitutes the good. What consensus requires in actual practice is that the members of society agree upon the rules which will govern them as a society and that these rules will be applied consistently. But, Rawls asked, just how would a society and its members know what constitutes a â€Å"fair† principle? And, how would it be possible to determine what is â€Å"reasonable† for every member to agree with? Thompson cites the example of welfare to make this point: The growth of the welfare state has often been explained and defended as a progressive recognition that government should provide certain benefits (positive rights) in order to prevent certain harms to citizens (negative rights). Yet its opponents claim that the welfare state violates the negative rights of other citizens (property owners, for example). (1987, p. 104) Rawls responded to this challenge by invoking the original position, in which representative members of a society would determine the answers to these difficult questions. That is, absent any government, the representatives would rationally discuss what sort of government will be supported by a social contract which will achieve justice among all members of society. The purpose for this discourse would not be to justify governmental authority but to identify the basic principles that would govern society when government is established. The chief task of these rep resentatives would not be to protect individual rights but to promote the welfare of society (1971, p. 199). To this end, the representatives do not know—are â€Å"veiled† from—which place in society they will occupy. In addition, every factor which might bias a decision (e.g., one’s tastes, preferences, talents, handicaps, conception of the good) is kept from the representatives. They do, however, possess knowledge of those factors which will not bias one’s decision (e.g., social knowledge, scientific knowledge, knowledge identifying what human beings need to live). From this original position and shrouded by a veil of ignorance about their place in society, Rawls argued the representatives ultimately would select the principle of justice rather than other principles (e.g., axiological virtues, natural law, utilitarian principles) to organize and govern society. While individual members of society oftentimes do act in their self-interest, this does not mean that they cannot be rational about their self-interests. Rawls argued that this is precisely what would occur in the original position when the representatives operated from behind the veil of ignorance. Freed from focusing upon one’s self-interest to the exclusion of others’ self-interests, the society which the representatives would design determines what will happen to its members and how important social matters like education, health care, welfare, and job opportunities will be distributed throughout society. The idea is that the representatives operating from behind the veil of ignorance would design a society that is fair for all of its members because no individual member would be willing to risk ending up in an intolerable position that one had created for others but had no intention of being in oneself. Why is this so? Rawls claimed that the representatives to the original position would invoke the principle of rational choice, the so-called â€Å"maximin decision rule.† This rule states that an agent, when confronted with a choice between alternative states of the world with each state containing a range of possible outcomes, would choose the state of affairs where the worst outcome is that state of affairs which is better than the worst outcome presented by any other alternative. Rawls’ example of two persons sharing a piece of cake demonstrates how the maximin decision rule works in actual practice. Suppose there is one piece of cake that two persons want to eat. They equally desire to eat the cake and each wants the biggest piece possible. To deal with this dilemma, both agree that one will cut the cake while the other will choose one of the two pieces. The consensus derived guarantees that the cake will be shared fairly, equating â€Å"justice† with â€Å"fairness.† The two principles of justice†¦ By equating the principle of justice with fairness, the representatives in the original position and operating from behind the veil of ignorance would elect to organize society around the liberty principle and the difference principle. The liberty principle requires dictates that each member of society has an equal right to the most extensive scheme of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of equal liberty for all. Accordingly, each member of society should receive an equal guarantee to as many different liberties―and as much of those liberties―as can be guaranteed to every member of society. The liberties Rawls discussed include: political liberty (the right to vote and to be eligible for public office); freedom of speech and assembly; liberty of conscience and freedom of thought; freedom of the person along with the right to hold personal property; and, freedom from arbitrary arrest and seizure. In contrast to some libertarian interpretations of utili tarianism, Rawls did not advocate absolute or complete liberty which would allow members of society to have or to keep absolutely anything. The difference principle requires that all economic inequalities be arranged so that they are both: a) to the benefit of the least advantaged and b) attached to offices and positions open to all members under conditions of fair equality of opportunity. If this is to occur, Rawls argued, †¦each generation should â€Å"preserve the gains of culture and civilization, and maintain intact those just institutions that have been established† in addition to putting aside â€Å"in each period of time a suitable amount of real capital accumulation.† (1971, p. 285) Rawls is willing to tolerate inequalities in society but only if they are arranged so that any inequality actually assists the least advantaged members of society and that the inequalities are connected to positions, offices, or jobs that each member has an equal opportunity to attain. In the United States, this scheme is oftentimes called â€Å"equal opportunity.† The inequalities Rawls discussed include: i nequalities in the distribution of income and wealth as well as inequalities imposed by institutions that use differences in authority and responsibility or chains of command. The reason the representatives in the original position and operating from behind the veil of ignorance would agree upon the difference principle is not due to the existence of a social contract but to ethics. That is, members of society do not deserve either their natural abilities or their place in a social hierarchy. Where and when one was born and the privileges and assets afforded by one’s birth is a matter of sheer luck. It would be unfair, Rawls contended, were those born into the least advantaged of society to remain in that place if all members of society could do better by abandoning (or redistributing) initial differences. According to Rawls, this is what ethics―according to the standard of justice―demands and, in the United States, this is the basis of what is oftentimes called â€Å"affirmative action.† The representatives would agree. The liberty principle must always take precedence to the difference principle so that every member of society is assured of equal basic liberties. Similarly, the second part of the difference principle cited above (b) must take priority to the first part (a) so that the conditions of fair equality of opportunity are also guaranteed for everyone (1971, p. 162). Thus, the two principles of justice, the liberty principle and the difference principle, are ordered because society cannot justify a decrease in liberty by increasing any member’s social and economic advantage. Reflecting Rawls’ interest in political philosophy, the liberty and principle and the difference principle apply to the basic structure of society (what might be called a â€Å"macro view†)―society’s fundamental political and economic arrangements―rather than to particular conduct by governmental officials or individual laws (what might be called a â€Å"micro view†). The liberty principle requires society to provide each citizen with a fully adequate scheme of basic liberties (e.g., freedom of conscience, freedom of expression, and due process of law). The difference principle requires that inequalities in wealth and social position be arranged so as to benefit society’s most disadvantaged group. In cases where the two principles conflict, Rawls argues the liberty principle must always take precedence over the difference principle. One example that applies Rawls’ theory of justice involves how one would become a lawyer in the society designed by the representatives in the original position and operating from behind the veil of ignorance. This example also indicates how and why inequalities would exist in that society. In the original position and operating from behind the veil of ignorance, representatives organize society to be governed according to the liberty principle and the difference principle. In that society, any member of society can become a lawyer if one possesses the talent. So, a young woman discovers that she possesses the talent and interest to become a lawyer and decides that this is what she wants to do in her life. But, to get the education she actually needs to become a lawyer requires an inequality. That is, less fortunate people must help pay for her education at the public university’s law school with their taxes. In return, however, this young woman will perform some very important functions for other people―including the less fortunate―once she becomes a lawyer. At the same time, however, the lawyer will make a lot of money. But, she is free to keep it because she has earned it. At the same time, she will also pay taxes to the government which, in turn, will be used to provide needed programs for the least advantaged members of society. The issue of equitable pay also provides a practical example that clarifies how Rawls’ theory of justice can be applied (Maclagan, 1998, pp. 96-97). Noting that the principle â€Å"equal pay for equal work† is eminently fair in concept, Maclagan notes that not all work is equal. What is really needed in society is some rational basis to compare what sometimes are very different occupations and jobs, especial ly when this involves comparing â€Å"men’s work† and â€Å"women’s work.† Typically, the criteria used to compare dissimilar jobs quantifies work requirements as well as the investment individuals must make to attain these positions. In addition, the amount of skill and training required, the potential for danger and threat to one’s life, the disagreeableness involved in the work, as well as the degree of responsibility associated with a job all figure prominently when making such calculations. In actual practice, however, making comparisons between dissimilar jobs is an immensely difficult undertaking, as Maclagan notes, citing as an example the difficulties management and labor both confront in the process of collective bargaining. Collective bargaining involves ethics because each party declares what the other ought to do. When these differences are resolved through a consensus, a â€Å"contract† provides the basic structure by which the members of that society (called the â€Å"corporation†) will organize and govern themselves for a specific period of time. Coming to agreement upon a contract—like Rawls’ concept of reflective equilibrium—requires both parties to the collective bargaining process to align their principles and intuitions through the process of considered dialogue and mutual judgment. Furthermore, the contract―like Rawls’ difference principle―tolerates inequalities in pay but only as long as the least advantaged enjoy equal opportunity and their situation is protected if not improved. What is noteworthy about Maclagan’s example is that the parties are not in the original position nor do they operate from behind a veil of ignorance. Instead, they have to move toward those positions if they are to adjudicate their differences amicably and for the benefit of both. The critics†¦ Since its first publication in 1971, Rawls’ work has received some begrudging if not respectful criticism. Some have asked which members of society constitute the â€Å"least advantaged†? For his part, Rawls identified these people generally as unskilled workers and those whose average income is less than the median income. What Rawls failed to address, however, is the plight of those who may be the truly least advantaged members of society, namely, those citizens of some permanently unemployed underclass, who depend entirely upon government largesse to subsist (e.g., welfare), or whose racial or ethnic origins condemn them to permanent disadvantage. The critics ask: Should not their plight be considered more important than those who possess more of society’s benefits? Furthermore, in so far as Rawls states the difference principle, it appears that inequalities are permissible but only if they better the lot of the least advantaged members of society. However, cr itics note, that position is inconsistent with Rawls’ claim that the representatives to the original position must not take an interest in anyone’s particular interests. The logic fails if preference must be given by those in the original position to the least advantaged. Lastly, Rawls’ critique of utilitarianism, his embrace of egalitarianism, and the actual effects of the difference principle combine in such a way that his philosophy can be construed to advocate political agenda with Marxist overtones. That is, in actual practice Rawls’ theory would redistribute society’s benefits away from the â€Å"haves† to the â€Å"have nots† with little or no concomitant bearing of society’s burdens. Economists, for example, note that Rawls has neglected to consider the market forces unleashed in a capitalist society where seeking one’s self-interest is arguably the primary motivating principle. These critics argue that even the least advantaged, if they so choose, can take advantage of the minimal benefits society offers them by virtue of citizenship. Through education, persistence, and hard work, the least ad vantaged (or, their children in the next generation) will be able to participate more fully in enjoying the benefits as well as in bearing the burdens of membership in society. The critics ask: â€Å"Is this not what has happened to waves of immigrants to the United States during the past two hundred years?† In light of these criticisms, Rawls modified the principles of liberty and difference. Pondering the question of social stability, Rawls considered how a society ordered by the two principles of liberty and difference might endure. In Political Liberalism (1996), Rawls introduced the idea that stability can be found in an overlapping consensus between citizens who hold diverse religious and philosophical views or conceptions about what constitutes the good to be sought. As with Maclagan’s (1998) collective bargaining example, this â€Å"overlapping consensus† is found in their agreement that justice is best defined as fairness. In Justice as Fairness (2001), Rawls introduced the idea of public reason, that is, the reason possessed by all citizens which contributes to social stability, a notion he first detailed in The Law of Peoples with â€Å"The Idea of Public Reason† Revisited (1999). References Aristotle. (1958). Nicomachean ethics (W. D. Ross, Trans.) In J. D. Kaplan (Ed.), The pocket Aristotle (pp. 158-274). New York: Washington Square Press. Maclagan, P. (1998). Management & morality. Thousand Oaks, IL: Sage Press. Rawls, J. (2001). Justice as fairness: A restatement. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. Rawls, J. (1999a). A theory of justice (rev. ed.). Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. Rawls, J. (1999b). The law of peoples with â€Å"the idea of public reason† revisited. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Rawls, J. (1996). Political liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press. Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Thompson, D. F. (1990). Political ethics and public office. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Dealing with terrorists essays

Dealing with terrorists essays There are many different ways to fight terrorism, but two of them stand out more than the others. One way involves diplomacy and the belief that if you give in to terrorists demands they will leave you and your people alone. The other way includes diplomacy too, but there is a lot more ass kicking and name taking involved. One might think that there would be an agreed upon method to take on terrorism, but ideas and opinions on the subject vary as much as the terrorists reasons for hating their victims. Some people think appeasing terrorists is cool. Parts of the world have appeased evildoers before, and they are doing it now too. Neville Chamberlain, the once Prime Minister of Great Britain, thought it was cool too. In the late Twentys and early Thirtys, he and other world leaders where being nice or diplomatic or whatever, and let Hitler build an awesome war machine that terrorized Europe. Their inactions threatened the freedom of the rest of the world. Earlier this year in Madrid, Spain terrorists bombed a train station and killed 190 people getting on and getting off of the public transportation system. The national elections were days away and the party in the lead saw the election shift in favor of their opponent because their opponent thought it would be cool to just leave the terrorists alone. The end result of all this appeasing was millions of Jews dead, billions of dollars in damage, and an overall not cool situation. Appeasement did not work, and other people had to come in and help defend Great Britain. In the end, a good majority of Europe had to be liberated. That was not cool. The result of the Spanish elections showed that the terrorists actions had most definitely influenced a whole nation to placate the terrorists. On the other hand, preempting terrorist actions can seem cool too. Although it depends on whom you ask. Some will say, They hav ...

Dell case Essays

Dell case Essays Dell case Essay Dell case Essay down the time it takes from ordering that the customer gets the computer to themselves , they have revolutionized the way how the PC market sales are made . The major competitors such as HP and 18M, are trying to predetermine based on market studies what customers want , and then produces computers for stock, while Dell lets customers decide what components they want in their computer. Customers ordering via the telephone or , increasingly , via the Internet. In doing so, avoid Dell intermediaries becomes more cost carriers. Where competitors more trying to focus n creating services around the product , thereby creating value for the customer , trust Dell more on the customer already has the implementation knowledge required to do a proper , active purchasing choice . In order to have a control system that meets the requirements for speed and flexibility , Dell has focused on reducing the number of intermediaries ( touches ) in the production of computers. The main way to do this is by outsourcing all production of components , and instead the focus solely on the reassembly of the roduct . This meant that Dell went more toward being a service company than a generation . To decisions taken in the control system will also maintain the requirements of speed is possible for managers far down the systems to make decisions without involving managers from the top ( depending on how important the decision is ) . This allows the organization becomes very flexible to change, and that Dell avoids slow bureaucracy. By making use of most of the economic data that is continuously easured , and are always available for sales representatives and managers , the organization can measure its effectiveness in real time. This is Dell s so-called scorecard , which includes for example Return On Invested Capital , average selling price , etc. The fact that you use the same type of control data throughout the organization makes the entire organization can implement strategies that proved to be positive in some small part . That decision-making is decentralized , and that economic control data is always vailable , allows a Dell different parts of the organization becomes investment centers. Both of the goals is the goal you are trying to reach by creating investment centers , namely that the information required to make the right decisions is available and that each business units performance is measured. Key data is visible especially the difference between Dell and its competitors in return on equity , cost of goods sold and inventory turnover . All these differences are based on Dell management of production and storage, or rather the lack of storage, omputers. Dells input based on direct demand when the customer places his order , wnlle competltors are trying to estimate tne customers needs . Inls means that Dell basically has no storage of the products , allowing the stock turnover is much higher than the competition. Dell does not tie up capital in inventory management also makes it get a higher return on capital employed. However , Dell has higher production costs than competitors , then they choose to outsource it and thus get an additional cost .

Outline the similarities and differences in the marxist and liberal Essay

Outline the similarities and differences in the marxist and liberal approaches to understanding the state - Essay Example Very few countries in the world even consider themselves Marxist anymore and the economic systems as well as the approach taken to the state is often a mixed one for former Marxist countries. Nevertheless, the ideas presented by Marxist theorists remain important because there are quite a few supporters of Marxism and Marxist theories in the world even where the majority holds the liberal approach. Perhaps the best representation of the ideas behind Marxism is given in the communist manifesto which was written jointly by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel. The Communist Manifesto was first published in 1848 and the book deals with the program of the communist party as well as the purposes of its foundation. In essence the viewpoint taken by the Marxist approach to the state focuses on the conflict between proletariats and the bourgeoisie (Avineri, 1968). Ideally, for a Marxist, the conflict would result in the overthrow a capitalist state system which exploits workers that controls the means of production. The eventual aim of the Marxist viewpoint is to create a state that remains classless as opposed to a liberal state which can result in the creation of rich and poor classes (Drydyk, 1991). Even though the book was written almost a hundred and fifty years ago, it still remains relevant today since the class struggle and the negative effects of capitalism remain present in many societies. After laying down the idea that communism is not understood and feared unnecessarily, the communist manifesto initiates the section on Bourgeois and Proletarians where many famous sayings of Marx are placed. For example, Marx suggests quite clearly that all history is nothing more than the story of class struggles between the haves and the have-nots and this essentially becomes the view of the state as a propagator of the class system when it is under a liberal

Merger and Acquisition of Ford Motor Company Essay

Merger and Acquisition of Ford Motor Company - Essay Example Mergers can take place only when there are healthy relations between both companies. Mergers also depend on the percentage of shares acquired from the firm. If the company to be acquired has good standing in the market, high share value and high points in the share market then we can say that a company is worth to be acquired or suitable for acquisition. Merger or acquisition sure has its impact on the employees and shareholders who are the unforeseen assets of the company. It is well known that any merger will have its pro's and cons. Some mergers happen for profit and some not to incur losses. Employees may or may not be benefited by the merger. The new mangemen6t may not provide all the facilities, unlike the earlier owner. The new company will definitely try to curb miscellaneous expenses and cut management costs. In order to cut costs, they may reduce the number of employees working per department. After merger employees may be asked to change their shift timings, move from one department to another etc. employees need to co-operate with the new management. Ford Motor company one of the oldest car manufacturing companies, if intending to acquire an ancillary unit or a vendor's factory, any company will be more than glad because of the whopping amounts on the deal. Ford has the best facilities to offer to its employees.  Ã‚  

Managing Operations and Processes Through Servitisation Essay

Managing Operations and Processes Through Servitisation - Essay Example As manufacturing companies head towards the delivery of service propositions, employees; existing and potential, are increasingly expected to comprehend the components of services that are controllable for the purpose of increasing efficiency (Vandermerwe et al., 1988). Manufacturers are adopting the concept of servitisation whereby they deliver services in line with their original product. Besides the provision of value added to clientele, they are able to secure orders and boost their profitability. They are also putting themselves in a better position to possess the ability to produce at extremely high standards as well as respond and maximize on all service propositions that arise from the usage of their products.Studies reveal that more than sixty per cent of large manufacturing corporations all around the world are servitised. There are five steps to take when servitising a company. The first involves considering the possible service value proposalsaround the particular product. The aim here is not ownership of one’s product but rather the achievement of an alternative objective. Secondly, it is important to assess whether it is possible to achieve the set goal without having to sell the product. Thirdly, consider whether or not it is feasible to deliver the services through the use of internal resources and whether there would be need for external partnership or collaboration. Correspondingly, the company should assess its enthusiasm for and aptitude to cope with the implications of potential risks involved in the provision of the amenities. Last but not least, the firm must consider forming skills plus technology approaches that will convey the business infrastructure needed for the task (Vandermerwe et al., 1988). The process of servitisation necessitates supply chain and procurement professionals to adapt quite a large number of variables within their

Practicum Report Essay Example for Free

Practicum Report Essay I would like to acknowledge  the contributions of the following persons/individuals to the development of my paper/project: My classmates and Friends Who’s been there supporting me; every time that I  got questions about our paper,  I always ask for their advise. I greatly value their friendship and I deeply appreciate their belief in me. My Family None of this would have been possible without the love and patience of my family. My immediate family to whom this dissertation is dedicated to, has been a constant source of love, concern, support and strength all these years. I would like to express my heart-felt gratitude to my family. My extended family has aided and encouraged me throughout this endeavor. I warmly appreciate the generosity and understanding of my extended family who’s always giving me my allowance, for me to be able to go to my practicum site. To our practicum adviser, Mr. Romeo Carangian I have been amazingly fortunate to have an adviser who gave me the freedom to explore on my own, and at the same time the guidance to recover when my steps faltered. We had  swapped from  City Garden Suite to Lotus Garden Hoteland our schedule for this time is for morning shift. At firstday of duty  in Kitchen, we felt already the presence of laughterand  enjoyment. Chefs  were  so  naughty  and  they  don’t  take  thework seriously. I mean while cooking they tend to be funny sothat everybody is happy and you won’t fell the tiredness. Forus, who are trainees, we’re only capable to be the assistant ofchef. We prepared food and ingredients needed for breakfast. Westocked  ready-to-used food  in  refrigerator  and  we  even cookedvegetable which used for garnish. How great it was to be withfunny chefs yet we’ve learned things which we could use in thefuture. They  shared  not  only  tips  in  cooking  but  also  itsprocedure. If  for  garnish,  we  are  allowed  to  make  it  becausethey are just simple to follow and prepare. How many times thatI was assigned to cook for the food of employees The other wayfor us to learn also was to take an insight of what the chef iscooking. I’ve known how to make different types of omelet too. Quite sometimes we’re washing used plates though it’s not partof our duty. That was to show our willingness and gratefulnessto work in their establishments.

Evolution and Education :: Science Teaching Argumentative Essays

Evolution and Education Whenever various debates have taken place in parts of the country regarding whether evolution should be taught in schools, I have always observed the situation with a degree of incredulousness; neither the parochial education I received in elementary and middle school nor the public education I received for high school ever attempted to dissuade us from learning about evolution, and while none of my classes ever taught evolution with as much depth as Ernst Mayr attempted to convey in What Evolution Is, both systems taught it as a fact – one that we took for granted. The debate on the use of the word "evolution" in the Georgia school system initially appeared to me to be a manifestation of more anti-evolution tendencies, although Superintendent Kathy Cox has not commented on the theory of evolution itself; "the unfortunate truth," stated Cox as her rationale, "is that 'evolution' has become a controversial buzzword that could prevent some from reading the proposed biology curriculum" (Gross A10). Whatever her own beliefs on the subject are, however, the elimin ation of the term "evolution" may provide cool comfort to the theory's detractors, but its overall effect is merely to hamper the student's understanding of what evolution entails. In place of "evolution," Georgia's proposed replacement is "biological changes over time"; it hopes to convey the meaning behind the word without using the word itself (Gross A10). Mayr's own definition seems to be rather similar when he states, "Evolution is change in the properties of populations of organisms over time," but a word expresses more than what a clipped dictionary definition can allow (Mayr 8). When "evolution" is used in daily parlance in a non-biological context, adaption is often an unspoken yet important component of it. If one speaks of "evolving as a person" or "evolving in his role as team captain," there is a sense that one is moving from a less-adapted state to becoming better suited for whatever it is one does. It implies that there is a development of certain qualities to be better suited for the environment an individual may find him- or herself in, not simply "changes over time" for the sake of change; while there is indeed a degree of randomness in how a species may evolve (or come to destruction, as the well-adapted dinosaurs did when a meteor struck and indelibly altered the environment), for the most part the changes are not entirely due to chance.

Persuasive Study: Why We Vote Essay

America has been the land of the free and the home of the brave since 1776. America has been free from the monarchy of Great Britain. Over 200 years later, American citizens still fight for freedom and to uphold a strong democracy. Voting is important in America because the opinions and the results of voters reflect America’s morals and ethic, and the right to vote is a privilege. Also, every vote counts. Because America has the opportunity to vote, the overall view of America is not formed of what she truly is, but what the citizens are. What a person’s character is consists of what their values and beliefs are. When voting is accessible, those who do vote, vote for what represents them most accurately. If the voters don’t vote, the only representation of this country is of those who did vote. America is one of the only countries that have the freedom to vote with a democracy government in the world. Many countries do not have an option of whether or not they wish to vote. Monarchies or dictatorships, for example, have one ruler that enforces and makes all the laws and rules of that specific country; the citizens do not have a say about what they think is wrong or right. Because America has the opportunity to vote, the privilege should be expressed as much as possible. With the dilemma of not all citizens voting, the democracy can be far from a success. Those citizens that do vote present strong patriotism. Although patriotism is a praised emotion, not all patriotic people have the same ideas for this country. For example, a recent controversy is the problems with abortion. If majority of citizens that vote are not against abortion but a few others are against voting, they will lose all possibilities of opposing abortion simply because they gave up. Ever since 1776, America has been a democracy and a free country. Having a government that is a democracy, the right to vote accompanies it. Voting is crucial to the system of democracy for various reasons: the laws and representatives exemplify not only the government but the whole country, voting can be taken for granted and should be appreciated more, and if a citizen does not vote, they have no say in what happens in this country.

Essay on Democracy Essay

Democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though the concept of democracy form of governance has long been in existence for centuries, it was the emergence of country state government system which gave birth to the rise and flourish of democracy that we enjoy today. In the modern day, almost three quarters of the world countries claim to be democratic. As accepted this form of governance may seem to be, still it has some inherent flaws as a system of governance. Most of the critics of this form of government claim that democracy is morally corrupt, humanly unfair, economically inefficient and humanly unfair. It is because of this view that Winston Churchill said that, â€Å"Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all those that has been tried from time to time. Democracy definition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the English oxford Dictionary, democracy is defined as the system of government by all the eligible members of the state or the whole population. One time US president, Abraham Lincoln, summed up the very essence of democracy as it being, the government of the people, by the people and for the people (History Place 2012). This of course was an idealist view and in regard to the current system, we can say that the true democracy was only demonstrated in 1918 when the representation of people act gave women the right to vote or they were declared as eligible voters. Before this act enactment or reform, democracy in Britain was only afforded by the rich and in fact up to the end of the 18th century, only about two percent of the population were entitled to vote. Following a number of vital reforms in the break of the 19th century, voting rights were extended slowly that lead to the culmination of the third Reform Act of 1884 that saw all men acquiring votes. This is the time that we can term as the crucial turn of event that led to the democracy that we all enjoy today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are differences to the democratic forms of government that exist today. In UK, we have the centralistic form of government where decisions are made in the capital and the local authorities are demanded to act according to these decisions and rules. In contrast to this, the federal government of Germany gives a lot of power to the federal state and this is the same form of democracy that is practiced in the United States (Dobson, 2012) Other forms of government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As we know, democracy is not the standardised form of government that is practiced all over the world. There are many other alternatives that are apparent in other countries. For example in the republic of Korea, there exists a totalitarian regime. This form of government is solely based on ideology. This ideology claims the general validity for all the life aspects and often tries to replace religion. A totalitarian form of governance does not tolerate any kind of deviation from the known ideology and any person who attempts to oppose this ideology is persecuted. This was of course the form that was adopted by the Nazi Germany that led to the political opponents being persecuted and tortured and also detained in the concentration camps leading to the genocide of the ethnic minorities who were in line with the Nazi policy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though the authoritarian form of governance is linked to the totalitarian regime, they have no distinct state ideology and they also grant some cultural and economic freedoms being careful not to jeopardize their policies. The goal that the authoritarian regime takes as being the most important is the maintenance of power along with personal enrichment on the cost of the population and the country as a whole (democracy-building website, 2005.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are other forms of government that are apparent and the one that is of particular interest is the Theocracy form of governance that is practiced by the Republic of Iran. This is known as â€Å"government by God†. This is where the official policy is governed by divine guidance or by people or official regarded as divinely guided, or it is simply pursuant to the doctrine of a specific religion or a religious group (merriam-webster online encyclopaedia 2012).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With regard to the UK’s democratic form of governance that we have in place, its success can be determined by how the government interpret what we as people wants. The recent changes like the Scottish devolution along with the creation of the Welsh assembly sends light that if democracy is for the people, then such constitutional changes can be termed as integral and also successful part of practice of democracy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As we said earlier, the literal meaning of democracy is the government of the people, for the people and by the people. But when the concept of democracy is mixed up with that of governance, this is really not the case even though we get the supporters of democracy pretending to be so. When the people are told that democracy is the rule by the people, then that’s a fallacy. If there is governance that is over those people, than there exist no government or governance by the people. Owing to this argument, the democracies that are adopted by many countries for instance the western countries are in fact oligarchies in every detail. But the people who are the main subjects believe that there are free and become apathetic of the same and they do not see any further need for revolution. The formation that is surely oligarchy is the one that makes democracy to be termed as the worst form of government like Winston Churchill termed it. Bel ow the arguments that point out the worseness of the democratic form of government are discussed. Among these are democracy and economic instability and Democracy as a vehicle of chaos and anarchy. Also the connection of police violence in Canada and democracy will be discussed in details citing the main features of the issue, the advocates of the issue and also the perspectives of the issue. Democracy breeds Economic instability   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The frequent changes of power that follows the democratic concept of carrying a general election after a term period of four or five years is a major source of economic instability for the countries that practice democratic form of government. Prior to election, each political party comes out with their manifesto of how they will govern the nation. A political party that wins the election may not be the one that was previously on power. When a new political party takes power they bring other policies that were not the ones adopted by their successor. This leads to frequent changes of policies with regard to the country’s economy. These changes can not only highly daunt investments but also affects corporate and individual businesses, hence limiting the country’s economic growth. The short and limited duration that a certain political party takes power also leads to short term policies. This comes in because the politicians ha ve the idea that they are in power for a limited time period and so they adopt This leads to frequent changes of policies with regard to the country’s economy. These changes can not only highly daunt investments but also affects corporate and individual businesses, hence limiting the country’s economic growth. The short and limited duration that a certain political party takes power also leads to short term policies. This comes in because the politicians have the idea that they are in power for a limited time period and so they adopt short term policies that will bring immediate gratification for the citizens so that they can win their votes for the next general election. These policies are adopted even though they could be disadvantageous in the long-run. This means that the democratic nations mostly will sacrifice their short term pains for the long run gains. This adversely affects the economy of the country. In most cases, the economies are the ones that suffer because policies are not given that time period to be tested and tried before they are adopted. Only come with a policy that will proof to be effective to the common people even though it could be disastrous in future. The These policies are adopted even though they could be disadvantageous in the long-run. This means that the democratic nations mostly will sacrifice their short term pains for the long run gains. This adversely affects the economy of the country. In most cases, the economies are the ones that suffer because policies are not given that time period to be tested and tried before they are adopted. Only come with a policy that will proof to be effective to the common people even though it could be disastrous in future. The ever rising debt of the UK and Us and many of other democratic countries could be attributed to the economic instability that is brought about by short-termism which is the main flaw of the democratic form of government. These changes can not only highly daunt investments but also affects corporate and individual businesses, hence limiting the country’s economic growth. The short and limited duration that a certain political party takes power also leads to short term policies. This comes in because the politicians have the idea that they are in power for a limited time period and so they adopt short term policies that will bring immediate gratification for the citizens so that they can win their votes for the next general election. These policies are adopted even though they could be disadvantageous in the long-run. This means that the democratic nations mostly will sacrifice their short term pains for the long run gains. This adversely affects the economy of the country. In most cases, the economies are the ones that suffer because policies are not given that time period to be tested and tried before they are adopted. Only come with a policy that will proof to be effective to the common peopl e even though it could be disastrous in future. The ever rising debt of the UK and Us and many of other democratic countries could be attributed to the economic instability that is brought about by short-termism which is the main flaw of the democratic form of government. This means that the democratic nations mostly will sacrifice their short term pains for the long run gains. This adversely affects the economy of the country. In most cases, the economies are the ones that suffer because policies are not given that time period to be tested and tried before they are adopted. Only come with a policy that will proof to be effective to the common people even though it could be disastrous in future. The ever rising debt of the UK and Us and many of other democratic countries could be attributed to the economic instability that is brought about by short-termism which is the main flaw of the democratic form of government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The free market economists like Milton Friedman believed that democracy produces inefficient economic systems. These economists argue that if the government were to make effective economies, they need to make what is generally regarded as unpopular decisions, for instance mass privatisation; removing the rights of the workers and also deregulation especially a time like this of economic austerity. This example is the one that is termed as ‘governing paradox’ (Flinders, 2010, p. 311). Mostly, this is what is seen as inherent contradiction between capitalism and democracy in that, as economic agents, all individuals are expected to act in their own interest but when it comes to casting their votes, they are expected to act in the interest of the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The critics are perhaps rights when they say that democracy can lead to ineffectual government. This can be traced many years ago when Aristotle started establishing typologies and categorising political systems. According to him, democracy was a ‘perverted’ form of governance or rule by many. Democracy as a vehicle of chaos and anarchy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ancient great thinkers and philosophers like Plat, Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes were very critical on the flaws that come by with the democracy form of governance. They saw the concept of democracy as an unlimited freedom and liberty for all which is a tool of manipulation that can culminate into chaos and disorder in the society. Despite democracy being the most popular form of governance in today’s world, this form of government is prone to the manipulation of wild politicians and other stakeholders who are out to use it as a tool to acquire power and accumulate the country’s wealth for their selfish interest hence create anarchy and chaos to the society as a whole. For instance, Tomas Hobbes saw democracy as a form of government that permits reckless liberty that will usually undermine the law conservation and the societal order. Most of the politicians usually will exploit the antagonism between the economic classes and the dissimilarity in the ethnic groups to turn them into votes for their political parties. Instead of intervening for good and for the passions of the people, these politicians unruly politicians will obviously fun them so that they can be seen as the heroes. Firstly, they monopolize the media and use it to propagate these courses. This eventually pokes holes into the community and creates differences that eventually results into chaos and riots in these groups. In the year 2006 for instance, two major national wide riots erupted in the country of France. The first was in economic in nature and started in the month of February and the next was both religious and ethnic erupted in November the same year. These riots are among the examples that can be brought about by the diverse opinions within the nation. For instance, Tomas Hobbes saw democracy as a form of government that permits reckless liberty that will usually undermine the law conservation and the societal order. Most of the politicians usually will exploit the antagonism between the economic classes and the dissimilarity in the ethnic groups to turn them into votes for their political parties. Instead of intervening for good and for the passions of the people, these politicians unruly politicians will obviously fun them so that they can be seen as the heroes. Firstly, they monopolize the media and use it to propagate these courses. This eventually pokes holes into the community and creates differences that eventually results into chaos and riots in these groups. In the year 2006 for instance, two major national wide riots erupted in the country of France. The first was in economic in nature and started in the month of February and the next was both religious and ethnic erupted in November the same year. These riots are among t he examples that can be brought about by the diverse opinions within the nation. For instance, Tomas Hobbes saw democracy as a form of government that permits reckless liberty that will usually undermine the law conservation and the societal order. Most of the politicians usually will exploit the antagonism between the economic classes and the dissimilarity in the ethnic groups to turn them into votes for their political parties. Instead of intervening for good and for the passions of the people, these politicians unruly politicians will obviously fun them so that they can be seen as the heroes. Firstly, they monopolize the media and use it to propagate these courses. This eventually pokes holes into the community and creates differences that eventually results into chaos and riots in these groups. In the year 2006 for instance, two major national wide riots erupted in the country of France. The first was in economic in nature and started in the month of February and the next was both religious and ethnic erupted in November the same year. These riots are among t he examples that can be brought about by the diverse opinions within the nation. For instance, Tomas Hobbes saw democracy as a form of government that permits reckless liberty that will usually undermine the law conservation and the societal order. Most of the politicians usually will exploit the antagonism between the economic classes and the dissimilarity in the ethnic groups to turn them into votes for their political parties. Instead of intervening for good and for the passions of the people, these politicians unruly politicians will obviously fun them so that they can be seen as the heroes. Firstly, they monopolize the media and use it to propagate these courses. This eventually pokes holes into the community and creates differences that eventually results into chaos and riots in these groups. In the year 2006 for instance, two major national wide riots erupted in the country of France. The first was in economic in nature and started in the month of February and the next was both religious and ethnic erupted in November the same year. These riots are among t he examples that can be brought about by the diverse opinions within the nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Democracy can be said to be a pluralist system of power distribution that is set to distribute power among the many and diverse competing groups even though not equally. Even if democracy can be said to be somehow worse, it achieves a greater level of political equality amongst the citizens than any other form and hence reflects the fundamental belief that all individuals or humans are all born equal and so the consent of governance should originate from the governed (Dahl, 1998). In addition, this form of government allows individuals to protect their self interests. The nature of humans dictates that each and every individual desires some control over their needs and wants and John Stuart Mill said that the ability to protect ones interests protects us from evil in the hands of others. The competition that exists between different groups of people within the society is exactly what differentiates democracy from authoritarianism. As it wa s argued by (Flinders, 2010), â€Å"Difference is good†. The discussion and debate along with the exercise of the right to freedom of speech act as the pillars upon which democracy is formed. Inherently, democracy is a system of rights. By definition, democracy grants both civil and political rights to the citizens so that they can fully participate in the democratic process. The nature of humans dictates that each and every individual desires some control over their needs and wants and John Stuart Mill said that the ability to protect ones interests protects us from evil in the hands of others. The competition that exists between different groups of people within the society is exactly what differentiates democracy from authoritarianism. As it was argued by (Flinders, 2010), â€Å"Difference is good†. The discussion and debate along with the exercise of the right to freedom of speech act as the pillars upon which democracy is formed. Inherently, democracy is a system of rights. By definition, democracy grants both civil and political rights to the citizens so that they can fully participate in the democratic process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So as for all the citizens to participate and hear the voice of their people, it is then very vital to grant these citizens the right to the freedom of assembly that is not provided for in the totalitarian nor in the authoritative regimes. The belief of equality is also one of the building pillars of democracy and thus enforcing and establishing the rights gives this a greater degree of equality than any other non-democratic form of government. In fact, granting these rights helps shield the minority from persecution and also allow them to also protect their interests. The society that we are in these days is made up of heterogeneous groups, all which represent different and varied interests; all these must be respected and recognized. If we do not observe this, we will obviously be committing ourselves to rule by an elite or selected few who think that their interest are over those of the other people. The police violence and democracy in Canada   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Canada, the use of police force and violence has become one of the greatest concerns to the society. Many civilians and students are becoming more concerned about the force that is applied by the police in most encounters with the citizens in different situation. Following some of the bad encounters the people had with the police officers, many people are now tending to think that police in most of the time act to deprive the people their constitutional rights and hence they are violating the rule of democracy. The critics say that police sometimes employ much power to the civilians by use of violence and force. On the other hand, the advocates of this say that the police are entitled to use any power to stop crimes and also secure the people’s wellbeing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For years the violence and force that has been used by police officers and the local authority in Canada has been not only of major concern but also a significant issue that has to be addressed for democracy to be realised. It all commences when a police officer abuse the powers that has been delegated to them by the state and constitution. In Canada, it has become obvious that each day in and day out there must be a case where a police officer has employed excessive power to the civilians.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the literacy levels are increasing all day, people are becoming more aware of their democratic rights and the voices are becoming united daily. The authorities and the officers are in place to protect, help and promote safety in communities. There many people who are filing complaints daily against the police officers who are causing violence and using unnecessary force during arrest. In many instances in the city, we have seen how two or three police officers beat up a defenceless citizen using their batons or how they mistreat women and teenagers. These are all the cases that are act against democracy of whom the people should be enjoying, owing to the fact that this is a rule for the people, for the people and by the people. The heightened technology and the media has promoted the awareness that the police are culminating violence by abusing their powers. This has created fear and mistrust by the people towards the police departments . In accordance to the penal law guidelines, the police are only justified to use force that is only necessary to prevent homicide or a crime. The advocates   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The advocates for the police usage of power and force term the police as an armed force for participation and protection. They declare the power of the police by them being armed forces; then, they demonstrate their power by stating protection and express their community connection by stating that they participate. First these officers have the delegated power by their weapon that they carry and the ability that this weapon has to make other people to comply to the law. They argue that, by the fact that police have been given the mandate to protect; they must in any means pursue this goal even if it means use of excessive or unnecessary powers. Finally, the participation concept emphasizes the relationship between the officer and the community. To ensure that the communities are safeguarded effectively, they are free to use any power whether it means to deprive a person his/her constitutional rights or not. How we can improve democracy on this issue   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The police officers also being one of the citizens, they should strive to serve the communities they are in with their best interest at heart while safeguarding the democratic rights of the civilians. The police officers are the officials that are mandated to impose the laws while preserving order in the society and they should not act in a manner that may culminate violence or in any case deprive any individual his/her democratic rights. In the cases that the police officers are called into some stressful and dangerous events that may involve violent altercations, that must be controlled. We as the citizens also do not want to see our streets run by criminals who terrorize other people. It is true that in some cases police officers are allowed to use force but not in all the situations or self created situations geared at harassing a civilian or depriving him/her his/her democratic rights. Let us all observe the law. References Abraham Lincoln. The Gettysburg Adddress. Available http://www.historyplace.com/speech/gettysburg.htm. Last assessed 05 June 2012 Dahl, Robert A. On Democracy. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998. Print. Dobson, William J. The Dictator’s Learning Curve: Inside the Global Battle for Democracy. New York: Doubleday, 2012. Print. Flinders, Matthew V. Democratic Drift: Majoritarian Modification and Democratic Anomie in the United Kingdom. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2010. Print. Johnson, Marilynn S. Johnson, ed. Street Justice: A History of Police Violence in Canada. Beacon Press. p.  365. 2004. Loree, Don â€Å"Corruption in Policing: Causes and Consequences; A Review of the Literature†. Research and Evaluation Community, Contract and Aboriginal Policing Services Directorate. Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 2006 Peterson, Amsterdam.Democracy, Policy and Economic development. Stockholm: Stockholm Press, 2005. Stein Ringen. Three Priorities to Improve UK Democracy,2007 Theocracy. Available: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theocracy.Last accessed 05 Jude 2012 Source document