Priority Sector Lending - 2487 Words

PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING Some areas or fields in a country depending on its economic condition or government interest are prioritized and are called priority sectors i.e. industry, agriculture. These may further be sub divided. Banks are directed by the state bank of the country that loans must be given on reduced interest rates with discounts to promote these fields. Such lending is called priority sector lending. The different segments of the priority sector are as follows: 1. Agriculture 2. Small Scale Industries 3. Small Road and Water Transport Operators 4. Retail Trade 5. Small Business 6. Professional and Self-employed persons 7. Education 8. Housing Finance Priority Sector Lending BY RBI The†¦show more content†¦Professional and self-employed persons (borrowing limit not exceeding Rs.10 lakh of which not more than Rs.2 lakh for working capital; in the case of qualified medical practitioners setting up practice in rural areas, the limits are Rs 15 lakh and Rs 3 lakh respectively and purchase of one motor vehicle within these limits can be included under priority sector) 7. State sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes 8. Education (educational loans granted to individuals by banks) 9. Housing [both direct and indirect – loans upto Rs.5 lakhs (direct loans upto Rs 10 lakh in urban/ metropolitan areas), Loans upto Rs 1 lakh and Rs 2 lakh for repairing of houses in rural/ semi-urban and urban areas respectively]. 10. Consumption loans (under the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections) 11. Micro-credit provided by banks either directly or through any intermediaty; Loans to self help groups(SHGs) / Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) for onlending to SHGs 12. Loans to the software industry (having credit limit not exceeding Rs 1 crore from the banking system) 13. Loans to specified industries in the food and agro-processing sector having investment in plant and machinery up to Rs 5 crore. 14. Investment by banks in venture capital (venture capital funds/ companies registered with SEBI) 4. What constitutes ‘Direct Finance’ for Agricultural Purposes ? Ans : Direct Agricultural advances denote advancesShow MoreRelatedPriority Sector Lending28386 Words   |  114 PagesPaper on Review of Priority Sector Lending, prepared by the Internal Working Group set up in Reserve Bank under the chairmanship of Shri C. S. Murthy, Chief General Manager-in-Charge, Rural Planning and Credit Department, was placed on the RBI website on September 30, 2005 for public opinion. Subsequently, on November 8, 2005 one subparagraph has been added under paragraph 6.10 of the Technical Paper. DRAFT TECHNICAL PAPER BY THE INTERNAL WORKING GROUP ON PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING This Draft TechnicalRead MoreThe Case Of China s Credit Policy1552 Words   |  7 Pagespolicy lending under the Chinese planning system. Budgetary funds were to be utilized to finance Chinese investment and production. Thus, policy lending was one of the main instruments of financing economic growth and development. The importance of policy directed lending for China s overall economic growth and development was later reduced by the rise of the more market-oriented non-state economic sectors. This type of lending has evolved into a vehicle for financing a certain state sectors thatRead MoreOriental Bank of Commerce analysis Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesExposure to different sectors Performance analysis -Segment Analysis -Asset Quality Restructuring/Provisioning -Key ratios -CAR and capital requirement -Peer analysis -Camel Road ahead/Future Outlook OVERVIEW HEADQUARTERS: GURGAON, HARYANA Mr. S L Bansal Chairman MD Founded established in Lahore in 1943 Nationalised in 1980 GTB amalgamated into OBC in 2004 Crossed Business mix of Rs 2 lakh crore in 2010 Reorientation of lending strategy from Large CorporatesRead MoreEssay On Credit Advancements963 Words   |  4 Pagesthe advances in different sectors and the techniques to control the level of bad loan and advances in banking sectors. In the era of globalization the entire banking sector and financial institution is facing lot of problem. These problems include severe competitions, advanced technology, modern management methods etc. Hence the strength and weakness can be studied by comparative analysis in the entire banking system. The researcher has tried to analyse the gaps in sector on banking advances issuesRead MoreDevelopment Role of Rbi1196 Words   |  5 Pagesdirect role in supporting developmental activities in their country. The Reserve Bank’s developmental role includes -ensuring credit to productive sectors of the economy, -creating institutions to build financial infrastructure, Read MoreNarasimham Committee on Banking Sector Reforms1298 Words   |  6 PagesNarasimham Committee on Banking Sector Reforms (1998) The purpose of the Narasimham-I Committee was to study all aspects relating to the structure, organization, functions and procedures of the financial systems and to recommend improvements in their efficiency and productivity. The Narasimham-II Committee was tasked with the progress review of the implementation of the banking reforms since 1992 with the aim of further strengthening the financial institutions of India.[4] It focussed on issuesRead MoreBanking Sector Reform in India1406 Words   |  6 Pages both in the industrial sector and the financial sector, released a variety of forces that propelled India into a new growth trajectory.2 In this paper, we are going to assess the role that the banks played in making this growth happen and the impact that these reforms had on banks. We start with a brief history of banking regulation in India. We then move on to outline some of the principal reforms that were implemented in the 1990s and their impact on the banking sector. Although this section doesRead MoreImproving Health, Education, And The Environment1106 Words   |  5 Pagesorganized by the UN in the past 10–15 years. Each goal is to be achieved by 2015, with progress to be measured by comparison with 1990 levels. Although the goals are sometimes numbered, the numbers are not intended to indicate any differences of priority or urgency. The goals establish threshold for measuring results for developing countries and also for the high-income countries that help fund development programs and for the international institutions that help countries implement these programsRead MoreRole of Commercial Bank in Economic Development in India1737 Words   |  7 Pagesleading role in developing other financial intermediaries and markets. Second, due to the absence of well-developed equity and bond markets, the corporate sector depends heavily on banks to meet its financing needs. Finally, in emerging markets such as India, commercial banks cater to the needs of a vast number of savers from the household sector, which prefer assured income and liquidity and safety of funds, because of their inadequate capacity to manage financial risks. Forms ofRead MoreWb, Idb And The International Development Association1279 Words   |  6 Pagespresidencies: Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. Latin America and the Caribbean is responsible for 20% of Bank lending and for more than one third or 32% of all IBRD lending over the past decade. World Bank President Robert Zoellick (2015), in the publication, A Global Partner for a Region on the Rise, pointed out that to achieve the aforementioned objectives the Bank is committed to fostering

Does Proof Exists that Extraterrestrial life Visited Earth

Does life exist on other planets besides Earth? Has extraterrestrial life visited Earth recently or in our distant past? The notion of extraterrestrial life is a very intriguing subject possibly for as long as mankind has looked into the vast heavens gazing at the stars. Can one say that life on Earth was done by Mother Nature which some call evolution? Is life on Earth the result of creation or alteration by a higher power or being? Some people do believe that other forms of life except those on Earth do exist. Others consider it false because there is no absolute proof beyond doubts. There have been countless occurrences by individuals around the world of either being contacted or abducted by alien life forms. Many unofficial accounts describe the Earth as being visited by one or more alien species. These various alien species that possibly visited Earth may be interested in observing the development of the human species. Nevertheless there have been many discussions of government cover ups. Scientists and astronomers are not officially agreeing with what is explained as evidence provided by the supporters of life forms other than mankind visiting or inhabiting Earth. In the current era Area 51 (Cited from Wikipedia Area 51 is owned by the federal government and was established by the CIA in 1955 to develop classified military projects.) has been the focus of movies and alleged news reports of alien abductions, aliens and alien aircraft sightings. My mind questionsShow MoreRelatedLink Between Worlds By Ray Douglas Bradbury Essay1875 Words   |  8 Pagesmultitude of topics exist in the modern world about the issues of politics, of scientific standpoints, of religious statuses, and even those of freedom. The topic of life on other planets has had its fair share of publicity. Stories of personal experiences, sightings, and encounters have navigated its way into the thoughts of an innumerable amount of people. Newsweek, reports on a poll that more than half of Americans believe in the existence of intelligent aliens. What does this mean for the worldRead MoreScience Fiction By Ray Douglas Bradbury Essay1876 Words   |  8 PagesMany topics exist in the modern world about the issues of politics, of scientific standpoints, of religious statuses, and even those of freedom. The topic of life on other planets has had its fair share of publicity. Stories of personal experiences, sightings, and encounters have navigated its way into the thoughts of many. Newsweek, reports in a poll that more than half of Americans believe in the existence of intelligent aliens. What does this mean for the world? Is the majority wrong once againRead MoreScience Fiction By Ray Douglas Bradbury Essay1877 Words   |  8 Pagesmultitude of topics exist in the modern world about the issues of politics, of scientific standpoints, of religious statuses, and even those of freedom. The topic of life on other pla nets has had its fair share of publicity. Stories of personal experiences, sightings, and encounters have navigated its way into the thoughts of an innumerable amount of people. Newsweek, reports on a poll that more than half of Americans believe in the existence of intelligent aliens. What does this mean for the worldRead MoreScience Fiction : Extraterrestrial Life1601 Words   |  7 PagesReme Elias Mr. D’Amato English Honors 4 5 November 2017 Extraterrestrial Life When you think of extraterrestrial life, you typically imagine a horrible creature that is very hostile or wants to control humanity, reptilian creatures, and incredibly advanced technology. Science fiction movies, tv shows, and books feature extraterrestrial life such as Star Wars, Star Trek, and Doctor Who. Star Wars shows many planets, cultures, lifeforms, and advanced technology, Star Trek is about finding new racesRead MoreAliens in This Immensity1633 Words   |  7 Pagesknow aliens exist. As the United States of America, we see all kinds of different looking people everyday; whether they come from Mexico,China, England, or one of the many other countries on this planet we call home. Those are not the kind of aliens I want to make you believe in though, not the aliens from different countries, but the ones from a different world. I strongly believe that the exterestrail life that we havemade movies, books, and jokes about for years truely does exist and I believeRead MoreAlien Existence Essay2358 Words   |  10 Pagescom Do Aliens Exist? Just about 500 years ago people believed that the earth was still flat, 50 years ago people doubted the existence of an alien life, 5 min ago the people of earth believe that aliens existed. Many individuals around the world have reportedly been contacted by extra terrestrial beings. They allege that Earth is currently being visited by several different species of extra terrestrial. These individuals report that extra terrestrials are visiting the Earth because they areRead MoreAncient Nuclear Weapons (Indus Valley)7132 Words   |  29 Pages 16 V. What It All Means 20 Works Cited 24 ANCIENT ATOM BOMBS? ââ€"  1 I. The Myth of Ancient Atomic Warfare I N FEBRUARY 2008, GLOBAL DIGNITARIES gathered to inaugurate the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a repository for plant life designed to withstand nuclear war so survivors could restart civilization with healthy seeds. Magnus Bredeli-Tveiten, who oversaw construction of the vault, told the Associated Press that he expected it to last as long as the 4,500-year-old pyramidsRead MoreAlien Abduction4188 Words   |  17 Pageshave been aboard a flying saucer] has brought back so much as an extraterrestrial tool or artifact, which could, once and for all, resolve the UFO mystery. Philip Klass Aliens, if an when we find them, could be so alien, so different from humanity as to undermine the meaning of any exchange we might have, or even make such exchange impossible. --Henry Gee There is a widespread belief that alien beings have traveled to Earth from some other planet and are doing reproductive experiments onRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesiv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley

The Declaration Of Independence An Influential Text

The reasons for such an influential text as the Declaration of Independence can be defined in its written structure. First listed were the most important abuses and usurpations the colonists felt they had suffered at the hands of Great Britain. The 27 grievances forced the British to not only face their own crimes, but for the rest of the world to face them as well. To bolster the evidence of the colonies’ failed attempts at nonviolent reconciliation, requests for previous negotiations were expressed in the second section. Finally, an ideal picture of the new government to be put in place once free from British rule was presented, granting rights denied by the Crown. As stated by Thomas Jefferson in the Preamble, â€Å"When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another,†¦a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them t o the separation.† Colonists believed putting their complaints in writing for King George III would follow a diplomatic process sufficient enough for a response without retaliation as well as changes in Britain’s dealings with the colonists. In essence, it was a last ditch effort to have their voices heard. One of the biggest disputes between Great Britain and the American colonies was the issue of taxes. Although the colonists viewed themselves as standing British citizens, they had minimal to noShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence By Thomas Jefferson1420 Words   |  6 PagesMy initial thought of writing a paper for The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, was one of confusion and nervousness. I had no idea how I could write a paper on the documents structural elements and not focus on its history; however, once I did some research it became clear to me how I would write this paper. The Declaration of Independence is an influential document with argumentative writing techniques that appeal to the reader’s emotions. This document also contains persuasiveRead More Argument Analysis - Declaration of Independence Essay778 Words   |  4 PagesArgument Analysis - Declaration of Independence In May of 1776 a resolution was passed at the Virginia Convention in Williamsburg that asked the thirteen American colonies to declare the United Colonies free and independent from the British crown. At the second continental congress the resolution passed and on June 11, 1776 a five-man committee led by Thomas Jefferson was established to write the Declaration of Independence. On July 4, 1776 the members of the second continental congressRead MoreImportance Of Literature : Necessities And Learning1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Literature Necessities in Learning Early American literature consists of various texts which each give a different contribution to the forming of this great nation. From early Indian writings such as â€Å"Earth on Turtle’s Back,† to the poems of Edgar Lee Master, like â€Å"Richard Bone,† there is specific significance which defines and determines the set up of this fairly young country which we call the United States. These authors often capture a snapshot of that time period, giving insightRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : What Shaped And Provided The Freedom The United States Of America1030 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The declaration of Independence is what shaped and provided the freedom the United States of America has today. The Declaration of Independence today is looked at a symbol for America to reflect on as it paved the way for most of the rights we have today. This document has been fundamental to american history longer than any other text because it was the first text to use â€Å"The United States of America† and in a sense the Declaration was the birth certificate of the American nationRead MoreJean-Jacques Rousseau Influence on the Declaration of Independence743 Words   |  3 PagesThe Declaration of Independence is the foundation of America. It contains â€Å"the words that made America,† (Fink, 9). Five of the founding fathers got together and penned this important document. As they penned this document, they were inspired by a number of European philosophers and writers. One of these philosophers was Jean-Jacques Rousseau. â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau played a significant role in three different revolutions: in politics, his work inspired and shaped revolutionary sentiment inRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independence.1343 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is arguably the most important historical work of the pre-modern era. Because of this document, America was recognized for its brash, albeit just demands for independence from Britain. Aside from the obvious historical significance and precedence of the document, its composition was constructed in such a way that conveyed the determination of a new nation to be one in its own. Historical context and rhetoricalRead MoreClassical Liberalism And The Enlightenment1244 Words   |  5 Pagesopinions on things. One way that they did this was by going back and rereading Roman and Greek texts and retranslating these texts. This new way of thinking also caused the Protestant Reformation to occur. Some of the most influential Enlightenment writers were John Locke, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and the people of France’s National Constituent Assembly. John Locke was one of the most influential writers during the Enlightenment period, and was the first â€Å"Enlightenment Thinker†. Locke is theRead MoreThe Historical Perspectives Of The Columbus Day Became A National Holiday Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesexplored, but analyzed a wide range of texts from different eras. Each text allowed students to critically analyze different factors, including what time period it was written during, why it was written by the author, who the audience was and other literary components. The texts entitled Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella Regarding the Fourth Voyage (with the aid of Letter to Luis de Santangel Regarding the First Voyage), Clotel, and Fourth of July were critical texts in the course because they helped readersRead MoreRacial Identity : Early American History1440 Words   |  6 PagesThere are a myriad of texts that help explain the idea of race and the implications of it in America. The legal documents, the historical writ ings, and the modern analysis of America’s history all paint a picture of the separation between the white man and all other races. Among the legal texts used as a framework for our country as well as a view into racism in the law are the Naturalization Act of 1790, the United States Constitution, as well as The Declaration of Independence. Selections from AlexanderRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The Declaration Of Independence1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two of the most important documents in American history. Despite being written only eleven years apart and influenced by many of the same founders, these two documents are very different from each other. To understand the documents better, certain areas of comparison must be distinguished between them. The three areas of comparison I will speculate and contrast will center on the main goals of the documents, certain key words

Personal Dilemma - 874 Words

Personal Dilemma Paper CJA/324- Ethics in Criminal Justice Personal Dilemma We live in a world of diversity and in a government that gives individuals the right of freedom of speech which enables citizens to express their thoughts and ideas without any suppression. People are given equal opportunity, and women have become empowered. It has taken our government a long journey to finally create laws to protect and give the people rights, which are no longer being based on race, religion, or gender. Therefore, people are able to pursue any profession without the stigma of being rejected for factors that are beyond their control.†¦show more content†¦For one month straight, he would continue to throw obstacles and challenges to finally break my morale. He failed to realize that choosing this profession was a personal option, serving my country was my duty and one individual was not going to affect my abilities to perform my job. He realized that as much as he disapproved women serving in the army, soldiers are defined by the values they live by and the efforts invested to become a strong asset to the military, male or female are worthy of wearing the uniform. At that time it was the beginning of my military career and was learning to adjust to this new way of life. It was complicated to decide what methods to use to confront the issue, since being lower ranking, inexperienced did not help and he was the commanding officer. The military is completely different compared to a civilian job, you are unable to just walk away, or quit unless failure to adapt. However, most likely if faced now with a similar issue it would be addressed differently, immediate action would be taken place since that is define as harassment and discrimination. Discrimination in any work environment is inacceptable and every professional environment requires following the code of ethics. In the military we follow the army values to help in becoming noncommissioned officers a leader of soldiers with the responsibilities of accomplishing the mission and the welfareShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : My Personal Life Dilemma960 Words   |  4 PagesThis is my personal life dilemma. I was pursuing my graduation in my home country. In the last semester of my study, my par ents made the decision that I should get married, but I wanted to go abroad to get further education. At that time I decided to go with my parents. After 1 year of marriage, I completed my study and I decided to go abroad for my further education. I completed the relevant exam with a good score. Finally I got visa for Canada. Before one month of coming to Canada my wife got pregnantRead MorePersonal Dilemma Experince754 Words   |  4 PagesRecently, within the past year, I was faced with a moral and ethical dilemma, which forced me to choose between honesty and loyalty (punc.) and the result of that choice will hopefully guide me in future decisions.(Good opening sentence) At the time of the incident I was working as a pharmacy technician in ________. The dilemma I was faced with involved a fellow technician who was hired at the same time as me and the two of us had become close friends during the course of our employment. Now thisRead MoreDuty of Care Essay908 Words   |  4 Pa gesmeans to be accountable for the children and young people in our care by e.g. exercising authority, managing risks, working safely, safeguarding children and young people, monitoring own behaviour and conduct, maintaining confidentiality, storing personal information appropriately, reporting concerns and allegations, making professional judgements, maintaining professional boundaries, avoiding favouritism, maintaining high standards of conduct outside the professional role. Explain how duty ofRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Personal Cultural Identification1911 Words   |  8 PagesOn the Dilemma of Personal Cultural Identification Like many Americans, I have ancestors who immigrated to the United States out of necessity. Many people have stories of their ancestors trying to escape poverty or unstable government, while others’ forebears came for the opportunity with which the United States seemed to be overflowing, and others still tell of their predecessors leaving for personal reasons, perhaps to find a family member who had left years before. For those who had fled theirRead MoreA Short Note On Personal Dilemmas1720 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern, this was at the time of Debbie’s presence within her living within the communal block; the reason for this was the issue of the persistent knocking on the front door, which in turn caused my partner weirdly to question me in regard to my personal relationship with Debbie. When ever I could I would go to my front door and look though the spy hole, this was when ever I heard a person at the front doors, that is to mean the front doors of mine or Stans, as his front door is opposite mine andRead MoreThe Personal Dilemmas Of Creon Vs. Antigone920 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Only enemies speak the truth; friends and lovers lie endlessly, caught in the web of duty.† - Stephen King (brainyquotes.com). In Sophocles’ Antigone as well as Anouilh’s version of the play duty versus personal motives is a very significant theme that heavily contributes to the outcome of the character’s actions. The two protagonists, in both plays, Creon and Antigone are aware of the negative consequences of their actions. Creon and Antigone both believe that they are correct within their argumentsRead More The Change in Food Production in Pollan’s The Ominvore’s Dilemma1320 Words   |  6 PagesOminvore’s Dilemma, he showcases the tr ansformative nature of food production throughout the years, by emphasizing the commercialization and industrialization aspects of this continual food evolution. Though Pollan expresses his opinions on modern-day methods of food production and categorization of these means of production, he experiences the dilemma that is commonly faced by many individuals in this day and age. Therefore, he undergoes the endeavor to find the solution to this national dilemma. HeRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas of Collecting Data and the Consequential Revision of Commodities, Culture and the Politics of Representations Definitions 1751 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation or data has become assets to companies, being regarded as property to be bought and sold to between companies. However, this has put forward the following primary ethical dilemmas surrounding human rights: the right to informed consent and the right to personal data. In addition to the creation of ethical dilemmas, the collection of human data has brought about a need for a revision of definitions. Commodities are known as a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought andRead MoreIntroduction. In Term Three Of The Practical Nursing Program1389 Words   |  6 Pagescame. This type of situation was a moral dilemma, the patient is unable to change her own brief and the nurse was not nearby to do so. As a student nurse I was unable to do a bed bath and change the patients brie f without assistance. Moral Dilemma As stated by moral dilemma Is a problem without a satisfactory resolution. The significance of ethical decision-making lays in the fact that very different ethical choices regarding the same ethical dilemma can be made resulting in neither choice beingRead MoreA Brief Explanation Of The Prisoners Dilemma1431 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose: Introduction/background of problem The purpose of this discussion is to give a brief explanation of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game, the notion of dominant strategy, and the concept of Nash equilibrium and cooperation. The Prisoner`s Dilemma game helps us understand what governs the balance between cooperation and competition in business, in politics, and in social settings (Dixit Nalebuff, 2008). An example, of a traditional method of this game is how a school principal resolve

Analysis Of The Film Edvard Munch - 1052 Words

Edvard Munch is an artist that has been traumatized and haunted by death throughout his entire life. His works of art are both terrifying and mesmerizing. In the film Edvard Munch, director Peter Watkins does an excellent job at showing the life of Munch as if it was Munch telling his life. The film is a mixture of documentary and a drama about Munch’s life, and how his torments were reflected in his art. The film has a very grey and cold tone throughout its run. It definitely helps set the mood of Kristiania (Oslo), Norway where Munch grew up. The film’s depiction of Munch was that of a very shy, and reserved young man, in fact he hardly ever spoke. It also portrayed him as a sort of outcast in his family, as his father was a doctor, and his other siblings were also aspiring to be doctors. During this time, we can see that Munch’s early studies of his family always showed the side of people’s faces. There was no eye contact. In the film it not only shows those paintings, but it also shows Edvard and his father always arguing and they never make eye contact with each other. He began working on a portrait of his younger sister in 1884. The painting only illuminated her face and her hand, everything else was black. The critics in Kristiania called it a â€Å"frightening ugly portrait.† This negative criticism would follow Munch’s work for the next fifteen years, affecting even his painting of The Sick Child which is a painting of his older sister’s death. In the film Edvard is

Reading Nightmares Essay Example For Students

Reading Nightmares Essay Reading nightmares exist at many different levels. There are nightmares at the national and state levels. There are nightmares within the field of reading education, and with teachers across all subject areas. This is a key point in the article â€Å"Exploring reading nightmares of middles and secondary school teachers† by William P. Bintz. At the national and state levels, research indicates that students experience a declining interest and slowing development in reading from the seventh grade on (Farr, Fay, Myers , Ginsberg, 1987). They â€Å"demonstrate gains in reading during the early years, these gains seem to taper off in the middle and upper grades, and decline during the high school years. † (Chall 4) Many studies give strength to this argument that reading nightmares occur nationally. They show that students have difficulty with tasks requiring interpretations of what they read, that students do little, if any, reading in school and for homework, and that there is a decline in reading skills amongst 12th graders. (Bintz 13). Goodland (1984) believes that this problem may exist because of the relationship between time spent on reading instruction and the decline in reading abilities. He points out that â€Å"reading occupies only approximately 6% of class time in elementary school, 3% in junior High school, and 2% in senior high school. â€Å" (p 106-107). It is noted that 8th grade students watch TV, on average, almost 22 hours per week. They read for less than 2. (Humphrey 23). Reading instruction, as a field of study, is also ripe with nightmares. Too often, educators make assumptions about reading and its’ instruction. These include â€Å"(a) Reading instruction is primarily, if not exclusively, the role of elementary, not middle and secondary school teachers; and (b) reading is an isolated skill; once mastered in the elementary grades students require no further instruction. † (Bintz 14) As Burnett is keen to show, these attitudes are changing, but slowly. Teachers on the secondary level are still hesitant to get involved in reading instruction. They see themselves as teachers of content. But, perhaps, as Summers states, maybe the content area teachers are hesitant because they, along with many language arts teachers, aren’t properly trained to provide reading instruction. Regardless of content area, all teachers are seeing the same nightmares. Bintz categorizes these as either student based, teacher based, textbook based or someone else’s problem. According to a cross section of teachers, students either can’t read , or are passive and reluctant to read. Many teachers feel that other teachers are the teachers of reading, not themselves. Some also feel that textbooks are often written at levels that are too complex and that are strictly content driven, if not downright boring. If not that problem, many teachers feel that â€Å" a single textbook cant †¦ accommodate †¦ students wide range of reading abilities. † (Bintz 21) Although this article is ripe with the nightmares of reading, it is not barren of solution possibilities. To sum them up, Bintz points out that colleges and universities must rethink the role of reading education within the teacher curriculum. Elementary, junior and senior high schools need to help themselves by intentionally and systematically making reading a high priority with students and teachers. Also, they need to help students and teachers change their perceptions of reading in order to create a new reality that sees reading less as a nagging problem, and more as a tool for learning and thinking. As we had discussed in class the first week, it is evident that we all experience these nightmares. It seemed that our small group fit in very well with what Bintz is saying. .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 , .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 .postImageUrl , .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 , .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4:hover , .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4:visited , .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4:active { border:0!important; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4:active , .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4 .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18edf576fe3585861c52740f2fbea6e4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Canada's Water Crisis-Do we Sell? EssayWe all have reading nightmares, and they are all similar. All of the comments in the article from teachers about their nightmares rang true with a lot of the things that people said in our discussions. Mr. Bintz did get into some detail about trying to solve this problem. He didn’t, though, address what I feel are the two biggest obstacles to making reading instruction a priority. They are apathy and funding. It isn’t necessary to go into details about the difficulties of providing funding for new programs. Apathy we can comment about. As a teacher in one of the poorest high schools in Brooklyn, I am constantly reminded of the apathy of students, parents, and, unfortunately, teachers. Our administration does try to make reading a priority. We have a 20 minute period everyday (instead of a homeroom) that we call RAG (Read and Grow) time. The students are supposed to read a non-school book. Too often, I hear the teachers mock this time. I have also heard that our union insists that we shouldn’t have to enforce the reading period, because that becomes an extra ‘teaching’ period. I am not certain if that is true, but I am certain that I heard teachers discussing this. I have also called home to parents to explain RAG time, and to ask why their children refuse to read, and I get the same dumbfounded answers I get from the kids. This leaves me in quite a quandary. I am certainly untrained as a reading teacher. Being a first year teacher, I am untrained in many of the pedagogical skills. How am I to combat this ? I guess that my aspirations for the information that I would get from this article were too high, and that can only lead to being let down. I had hoped to be enlightened on how I can help these kids gain the love for reading that I have. As my aspirations were high, the first reading of this article left me feeling like it was incomplete. After going through it over and over again, I found that this article is very well written, and gives a clear foundation for more study. It is refreshing to know that I am not alone with my nightmares. Seeing that it isn’t just in inner city Brooklyn, or even only in lower socioeconomic areas gives me hope that this is a problem that, with time, we can cure.

Concept Analysis Process free essay sample

Individual obtains confidence 2. Individual makes more independent decisions in relation to skilled knowledge . Peers feel intimidated by individual 4. Peers go to individual for advice Empirical Refinements-consensus amongst those in a profession for defining criteria and specific competencies Ways of knowing: Empirical knowing was used by the group as a whole and individually. Empirical is the scientific information found in data, observations, research, inquiries and so forth. Example: Empirical knowledge was used for understanding and defining the term expert.Aesthetic knowing is allied to creativity; transforming the intangible to tangible. Example: Aesthetic knowing was in play during this assignment. After reading our assignments, research, discussions; understanding of subject while transform into reality via the end product, the finished paper. Personal knowing is obtained through life: our Jobs, home life, and recreation. After expert is defined, our experiences defines what the term means to each of us. For some, expert is a resource person that we contact to lead projects or captain a team. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept Analysis Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An expert can be a role model that we aspire to ml or someone we and our leagues place In a position of authority. Ethical knowing Is what guides us. It Is the center of who we are and what we know as right vs.. Wrong. Ethical knowing Is obtained through our culture, religion and belief system. Example: the leader utilized ethical knowing to assign each of us equal, fair job duties for this assignment. By Julienne practice; skilled 4. Pertaining to, coming from, or characteristic of an expert I. E. : knowledge, highly developed skills, intuitive patterns of functioning, recognition by 1 .A student of the particular field of study he/she wishes to become an expert in 2. An institution with the accreditation to teach/train others in the particular field 3. Particular field of study 4. At least 5 years of experience/practice within the An expert can be a role model that we aspire to mimic or someone we and our colleagues place in a position of authority. Ethical knowing is what guides us. It is the center of who we are and what we know as right vs.. Wrong. Ethical knowing is obtained through our culture, religion and equal, fair Job duties for this assignment.