Plato Essay -- essays research papers

Today many people regard Plato as the first genuine political philosopher and Aristotle as the first political scientist. They were both great thinkers in regards to, in part with Socrates, being the foundation of the great western philosophers. Plato and Aristotle each had ideas in how to proceed with improving the society in which they were part of during their existence. It is necessary therefore to analyze their different theoretical approaches regarding their philosophical perspectives, such as ethics and psychology. This paper however will mainly concentrate on Aristotle’s views on friendship and how it impacts today’s society. The main objective in Plato’s philosophy is a creation of a perfect society. He constructs a foundation for a utopian society in his book â€Å"The Republic†. The purpose of his thought process was to cleanse his society of the woes he felt plagued it and construct a new one. Plato lived during the Peloponnesian War, which consequently lead to the end of the Athenian democracy. He had eyewitness account of his mentor’s (Socrates) trial and execution. Bitter and angered by the political corruption that gripped the Athenian democratic government, he disengaged from participating in politics. He strongly felt that neither a moral individual nor a state that is rational could be established in a democratic environment. Plato felt that the common man wasn’t intelligent or capable of dealing with concepts that influence the state such as economics, policy of foreign affairs and other relative matters. He viewed political incumbents in Athens government as being elected for matters that were irrelevant to main factors that affected the state. Another danger was that excessive liberty for the people of the democratic society could potentially lead to anarchy. In Plato’s perfect society, he forged ahead to eliminate the disease (pluralism of f riendship) that plagued the human character and society (Class Notes). Essentially, Plato wanted to establish the perfect form of society, linked by one single entity. Aristotle, unlike Plato, was not focused or concerned about the idea of a perfect society, instead he wanted to improve upon the one that he was part of during his existence. Rather than develop a framework for a society that is perfect, he suggested that society should, in it self, strive to utilize the best system it can attain. He f... ...l truth. Aristotle was more concerned with citizenship and institutional politics. They both had developed ideas and concepts to improve society as a whole. Aristotle and Plato have had a tremendous impact on political scientists of today. In Aristotle case, he was responsible for developing various democratic ideas. Even in modern democracies like our own Aristotle’s ideas hold true. When we vote in the election of the ruler of our country we, theoretically, are voting for the single most â€Å"excellent† citizen of our nation. That is we are voting for that citizen who can do the best job of working toward our common interest. The citizen of a state who has the greatest ability to work towards the salvation of the constitution has a great gift that can benefit all citizens. It only makes sense to allow that particular individual to lead the rest of the citizens in working towards the common interests of the state. In conclusion, these men were great thinkers. Their opinions on society and its function were quite different, but they both had the same concern, to build a better way of life for their societies they in lived in and for the societies that would come to be in the future.

Eth125 R8 Disability Diversity

Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Lack of security for the future (social security dwindling) 2. Unable to afford being able to retire 3. Being alone Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice or discrimination against a particular age-group, especially the elderly.Ageism influences the presence of diversity because those who are affected by ageism within their career may lose their job due to newer, younger, cheaper people coming into the workplace to take over their current position. Which may leave those who are older without proper insurance to take care of their aging bodies which could result in earlier deaths and a lack of diversity in the world. Also when the younger generation takes over positions in the workplace that wor kplace will have a lack of diversity as well. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/ageism What is the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)? How does the ADEA address issues for the aging population? The Age Discrimination in Employment Act was put into place in 1967 to prohibit discrimination of people over the age of 40 in the work place. The ADEA addresses issues for the aging population by making it illegal to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual or otherwise discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s age.Also it makes it illegal to limit, segregate, or classify his employees in any way which would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee, because of such individual’s age. http://www. eeoc. gov/laws/statutes/adea. cfm †¢ What is being done to ad dress the issues you identified? The ADEA had put many laws in affect to make it illegal to discriminate someone for their age. It also has been recommended to Congress to have education and research programs.These programs shall research, and promote research, with a view to reducing barriers to the employment of older persons, and the promotion of measures for utilizing their skills. They will also publish and otherwise make available to employers, professional societies, the various media of communication, and other interested persons the findings of studies and other materials for the promotion of employment and foster through the public employment service system and through cooperative effort the development of facilities of public and private agencies for expanding the opportunities and potentials of older persons. ttp://www. eeoc. gov/laws/statutes/adea. cfm †¢ Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? The number of aging population is ex pected to rise in numbers. â€Å"With baby boomers approaching retirement, the 65-and-over population in the United States could increase nearly 80 percent by 2025. During the same period, there will be just 15 percent more working-age adults and 15 percent more children younger than 15. † With the number of baby boomers approaching retirement there will be a strain put on social ecurity and other benefits made available to those who are senior citizens. This will cause problems to those retire after them. There is no certainty that things like social security will last through the baby boomers and be around when the next generation retires. http://www. globalaging. org/elderrights/us/populationrise. htm †¢ What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? Two major pieces of legislature that will be affected by the aging population is pension provision and health care.With both pension and health care the key issues that will cause issues is that the number of people working and paying taxes to fun pension and health care programs is going to dramatically decrease as the baby boomers retire and as they retire the amount of people uses these services in going to see an increase. Legislation regarding items such as criminals is unlikely to have any effect on the aging population. While there are some laws in certain states requiring older people to retake their drivers test each year or every two years a country wide law could also affect the aging population as well. How does poverty affect the aging population? Poverty affects the aging population in many different ways. Since people are living longer and with that resources are decreasing as time goes on and the elderly have fewer and fewer choices for finding help with finances and health related issues, which results in substandard medical care. Having substandard medical care can result in subpar health and either suffering due to a medical condition or death from a medical condition that could have been treating if better medical care was available to them.Another affect poverty has is subpar housing and the ability to provide food for themselves due to a lack of income and the fact that many programs meant to help have strict guidelines or are disappearing all together. Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The ADA’s goal is to provide equality to people with disabilities and protect them from any discrimination that they may be faced with.The ADA provides protection to those with disabilities in the workplace where there is a possibility they could be discriminated against and be fired, or passed over for a job. The ADA also insures that public structures are accessible to those with disabilities. By doing this it allows people with disabilities to feel more like equals by having protection from di scrimination and the ability to enjoy the same things their friends do such as going to restaurants and the mall. http://www. ada. gov/q&aeng02. tm †¢ How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? In the past people with disabilities have been treated unfairly and have faced discrimination. In recent years things have been improving but there is still work to be done. There are still a few buildings that are not handicap accessible. Some may be included in the exclusion under the ADA such as historical buildings but there are some who are â€Å"flying under the radar† and until a problem arises they will continue on with their business.Another problem people with disabilities faced was discrimination in the work place. They were often not chosen for jobs because they were not able to perform them with accommodations. While this may still occur with the ADA it makes it illegal. †¢ How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? I n earlier years people with disabilities were often placed into institutions and were then forgotten about which resulted in them living in unsafe and unsanitary conditions.Many of them were abused, neglected or murdered by their own families or by the people who worked at the institutions. They were called â€Å"retarded†. Today discrimination towards those with disabilities still does exist the condition of the homes in which some disabled live is acceptable and some with disabilities are able to have happy healthy lives with little or no accommodations made. Some neglect and abuse still does occur but the days of forced sterilization are over. What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? There are many unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities. Little people definetelty face many of these unique circumstances. Just going to a restaurant or even a friend’s house provides issues for little people to be able to get around safely by car or being able to see on top of counters and reach things like sinks. People in wheelchairs also face some unusual circumstances off their own.Just like little people they also may encounter problems reaching counters and sinks, and traveling. Just imagine trying to navigate your wheelchair across a snowy parking lot or sidewalk to get to your favorite restaurant. †¢ What is being done to address those issues? Many public places have smaller toilets and sinks that help children and little people be able to reach the sinks and toilets with ease. Adding these little things help not only the little people community but also help children becomes more independent.Many public places also have wheelchair assessable sinks that allow them to pull their chairs right up and under the sink to allow them to reach it with ease. Handicap accessible parking spot allow for all people with disabilities to park closer to reduce the amount they have to walk thu s reducing the amount of accidents that could occur. †¢ What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? On January 23, 1990 Congress passed the â€Å"Americans with Disabilities Act† (ADA) it provided protection for people with disabilities in many aspects of their lives.In 1988 the Fair Housing Act was amended to include people with disabilities and families with children with disabilities. In 1973 the Rehabilitation act prohibited discrimination against someone with a disability by anyone receiving federal assistance, but it did not cover discrimination by employers, public accommodations in the private sector, publicly funded programs or those providing federal financial assistance. Protection for all disabilities did not take place until the Americans with Disabilities Act passed.CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I  certify that  the attached  paper is my original work. I am familiar with and acknowledge my responsib ilities, which are part of the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings.Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed  on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's  signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Skyye Smith

Race And Ethnicity An Eye Opening Educational Experience

Race and ethnicity have always been two words with great importance to people, but these terms and the topics they represent have been talked about by mass media much more frequently as of late due to the election. Personally, I am a white female who grew up in a predominately white area and went to elementary and middle school where there was not one person of color in my graduating class of about 80. In high school, I was exposed to more diversity but significantly and the percentage of whites in my graduating class was likely near ninety. Even with such little diversity growing up, I believe I was raised in a way to see human beings as human beings, and not for the color of their skin, where they are from, or what culture one may†¦show more content†¦Most often it is the â€Å"white race† that has privilege and races with darker skin face different degrees of oppression. As mentioned before, I have done my best to maintain an understanding of basic human ethics and was raised with the belief that we are all equal. Even so, my background of not being exposed to a significant amount of diversity caused me to be nervous to take the IAT test on race. The test started by asking me to answer a few questions about myself including my gender, birthday and race. There were seven sections to the IAT testing and each had me associate something with either the â€Å"E† key or â€Å"I† key. Part one specified using â€Å"E† for light skinned people and â€Å"I† for dark skinned people and in part two, â€Å"E† was meant to associate with bad words and â€Å"I† with good words. Parts three and four were the same, including both light skinned and bad words for â€Å"E†, dark skinned and good words for â€Å"I†, but part five wanted me to click â€Å"E† for dark skinned people, â€Å"I† for light skinned. Finally, for parts six and seven the â€Å"E† key was for dark skinned people and for bad words and the â€Å"I† key was to be selected for light skinned people and good words. Images of cartoon like faces would appear and I would have to associate them with the proper key. Good and bad words were basic vocabulary such as happy and disgust. When an answer was wrong, a redShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education : A Truly Multicultural Mosaic1259 Words   |  6 Pagesculturally diverse countries in the world and nearly every region is influenced by American culture in some way. It is imperative that our youth is taught the importance of multicultural studies today. There is no one culture, no one language, and no one ethnicity in the United States. Education is the center point for teaching our youth of what the United States can offer, not only to those Americans but also to those â€Å"Americans† of other cultures, (Zimmermann, 2015.) Just like James A. Banks spoke, â€Å"EthicRead MoreCultural And Educational Areas Of The United States1703 Wo rds   |  7 PagesFinal Reflection Over the semester I have learned, and developed in many areas of cultural and educational areas. We went over a large variety of multicultural influences and their impact on us personally and in educational settings, and I feel that I have grown immensely in numerous categories. Culture is such a big part of all of our everyday lives, and it impacts the way to act much more than we could ever realize. The world is full of diversity, throughout every continent. The United StatesRead MoreRacial Segregation : Segregation And Segregation Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesSegregation is the separation of a race, class, or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area, by barriers to social intercourse, by separate educational facilities, or by other discriminatory means. Segregation came strong after the Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896 where the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregations laws in public facilities were legal. African Americans were free and separate, but still not considered equal in the eyes of the majority. Fast forward toRead MoreDeveloping And Managing Multi Cultural Teams1331 Words   |  6 Pages Developing and Managing Multi-Cultural Teams Jason LaVoie Argosy University Online â€Æ' Executive Summary Today’s workforce is ever more diverse in means of personal traits such as race, ethnicity, gender, national origin, religion, gender identification, and sexual orientation. Diversity research proposes that such diversity in the workplace will steer to lesser costs and/or greater revenues, enhancing the bottom line of an organization. A culture is defined as a group or society which impartsRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders ( Dsm ) Defines Substance Abuse As Addiction Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore the age 18. Specific Demographics Racial Minorities and ethnic population experience greater burden of substance abuse disorders often time sue to poor care and environmental reasons (SAMHSA ethnic). Among African American 12.4% 12 and older use illicit drugs. That is 2.2% higher than the nation average. African Americans 12 to 20 use alcohol at a rate of 17.3 % compared to 22.8 % of the national average (â€Å"Ethnicity/Race†, 2014). Illicit drug use among Latinos 12 or older is 8.9% and 24. % of theRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups to which we belong; but that are manifested in other individuals and groups. Dimensions of diversity include but are not limited to: age, ethnicity, gender, physical abilities / qualities, race, sexual orientation, educational background, geographic location, income, marital status, military experience, parental status, religious beliefs, work experience, and job classification. (Foothill-De Anza Community College District, 2015) In a model world it would be assumed that everyone would be treatedRead MoreThe Health Care System For The 21st Century1272 Words   |  6 Pagesis almost easier to understand when you explain what it is not. â€Å"The opposite of efficiency is waste, the use of resources without benefit to the patients that a system is intended to help† (Institute of Medicine, p. 52, 2001). The IOM gives an eye opening example of waste. In a study conducted in 1993 on 3,610 patients from a random sample of 50,000 patients diagnosed with a common cold, a staggering 60% of these patients filled prescriptions for antibiotics. This is a stagger percentage becauseRead MoreThe Reality Of Disney Films1932 Words   |  8 Pageswatch Disney animated films since I was a child. Disney films have shown the racism concept under subconscious situation. Disney films have influenced my thinking and behavior deeply towards other races, and I did not realize that my thinking and behavior actually showed that I was racist. In my experience, every time I saw an Indian or Malay on a street, I would become cautious; this is because their skin tone is darker than mine so I think they were bad person, and they would harm me with no reasonRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action4012 Words   |  17 Pagespassing of civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees. On September 24, 1965 executive order 11246 enforced affirmative action for the first time (Brunner). Affirmative action was met with both support and opposition. Conservatives saw it as opening doors of opportunity for minorities while shutting them for whites, calling it reverse racism. Because many conservative Americans prided themselves on hard work and making a fortune out of nothing, they resented what they thought of as blacks gettingRead MoreIs Affirmative Action Ethical?4820 Words   |  20 Pagesshould receive the same treatment unless there is a morally relevant reason to receive an indifferent treatment. The question of whether or not affirmative action is ethical is one of the most contentious areas of debate that lies on the issue of ethnicity, gender, values, traditions, politics and many more that provides an extra advantage to one group over the another. The issue on affirmative action should be critically examined for it is here that individuals get an important start on their lives

finding neverland movie review Essay - 563 Words

Analysis of Roger Eberts â€Å"Finding Neverland† Film Review â€Å"Finding Neverland† is a recently released motion picture starring acclaimed actors Johnny Depp and Kate Winslet, and directed by Marc Forster (quot;Monsters Ball†) Personally, I loved the movie and It was hard to find a critic that gave the movie a negative review, so I stopped trying to find someone to argue with and I came across the king of all critics, Roger Ebert. I usually dont agree with his reviews, so I figured we would clash on this one, but surprisingly we came to agree on many aspects. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;He makes a point to mention Freddie Highmore and the remarkable job he did playing the angry but sad role of Peter. A very challenging role for a child†¦show more content†¦And then think of his work in quot;Secret Windowquot; (2004), the Stephen King story about the author caught in a nightmare, and his demented CIA agent in quot;Once Upon a Time in Mexicoquot; (2003), and wait until you see him in quot;The Libertine,quot; as the depraved and shameless Earl of Rochester.† He also ignores Kate Winslets performance and the great job she did. One thing that I noticed he didnt get into very much was the sexual side of the film. I was glimpsing over a few other articles on the movie and a lot of reviewers made comments on how Depps character was impotent, and had a thing for little boys. â€Å"And though the film flirts with the suggestion that Barries relationship with the boys may have had unsavory connotations, something that has been much speculated upon, the evidence seems to indicate that Barrie, an extremely short and unattractive fellow with none of the dapper attraction of the handsome Depp, was probably impotent, and that was the source of the dissatisfaction in his marriage.†--- Terry Lawson, Detroit Free Press. I can see where this statement is coming from since they touch upon the subject in the film, but the director did a good job in making sure that Depps character was not creepy, but yet like a child himself. And Depp plays the role with such innocence that you would never question the fact that the boys are simply his muses and he loves that family. He pretends to be a part of it, and it is the only thing thatShow MoreRelatedEntertainment Weekly Magazine Analysis : Entertainment884 Words   |  4 PagesEntertainment Weekly Magazine Analysis Entertainment Weekly is a weekly periodical featuring entertainment related news stories. The magazine is notable for featuring film, television, book, and music reviews. Unlike some magazines targeting specific demographics, Entertainment Weekly appeals to a broad audience. Considering many people of all ages have an interest in the arts, the magazine appeals to both young and old readers. The magazine features celebrities of all ages, along with typically

Child Discipline - 2495 Words

Forms of Discipline: What is best for the child? Children are like flowers, if well taken care of they will bloom. If ignored or tortured, they will wither and die. Child discipline is one of the most important elements of successful parenting. Today, many people have this notion that physical abuse is in no way a solution to helping children discern between right and wrong. Since generations children have been taught the art of discipline through physical punishment. Often this approach to disciplining has resulted in two outcomes, one is where the child becomes more tolerant and is willing to adhere to what he/she has been told, or the other which more often results in children developing a sense of anguish and desire to revolt.†¦show more content†¦Today, there is a common misconception that spanking is a form of child abuse. Some parents are actually afraid to discipline their own children using the same method used for their own upbringing. Who is correct in the notion of right and wrong discipline? Is there such a th ing as a correct way to spank your child? In my opinion, there is. So, my objective is to show that there is a fine line between the two terms Spanking and Child abuse. A Cambridge Dictionary states that Child Abuse occurs â€Å"when adults intentionally treat children in a cruel or violent way.† On the other hand, Spanking in the same dictionary means â€Å"to hit a child with the hand, usually several times on the bottom as a punishment.† In this way, the line between the two can be drawn where too much spanking results in bruises and scars on the child. Therefore, parents should not spank their children when they are angry themselves as the spank would turn out to be an unintentional smack. When this occurs, parents tend to accidently take out their frustration on the child. Primarily, this is when Spanking, a form of discipline, starts drifting towards the entire concept of ‘child abuse’. However, this misconception has led to many unwanted situations where parents have been sent to jail by their own children. In a generalShow MoreRelatedParental Discipline And Child Abuse1809 Words   |  8 Pagespunishments as a child most likely became more disciplined earlier than everyone else and most likely still is. To be clear, the intended definition of punishments to be used is a penalization for committing an act that would be considered unacceptable in the eyes of the parent i.e. swearing, fighting, being disrespectful, etc. This is also known as parental discipline. Although it may not seem like it there is a clear boundary separating parental discipline from child abuse. Parental discipline is intendedRead MorePhysical Discipline And Child Behavior Problems Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Physical Discipline and Child Behavior Problems: A study of Ethnic Group Differences† by Jodi Polaha, Robert E. Larzelere, Steven K. Sharpio and Gregory S. Petit is researching the relation between parental discipline and how it relates to the child’s behavior expression problems within different ethnic groups. They’re addressing how physical discipline in different ethnic groups can affect children’s way of expressing themselves in distinct ways. Previous research shows when a parent’s discipline is abusiveRead MorePosition Paper- Child Abuse and Discipline1181 Words   |  5 PagesPARENTAL DISCIPLINE AND ABUSE Parental discipline and child abuse are among the most controversial topics currently, and they cause serious problems for children in the United States. Child abuse essentially focuses on the child’s bad behaviors and gives the child emotional and physical harms. Forms of abuse include spanking, hitting, saying negative things and corporal punishment. In fact, parental discipline is a much more appropriate way of dealing with negative behavior than using abusiveRead MoreWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse?1486 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse? In this report, I concentrated my research on the fine line between physical discipline and child abuse, with emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocates’ and Department of Children and Families’ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spankingRead MoreChild Discipline Expository Writing1576 Words   |  7 PagesA Fine Line between Child Abuse and Discipline Child abuse is the physical injury of a child inflicted by a parent which ranges from superficial bruises, broken bones, burns, serious internal injuries and in some cases, death (Prevent Child Abuse America). Child abuse is a topic that causes rage in many discussions throughout the country because it is outrageous actions against innocent children. Many parents question whether discipline can become child abuse. Bell Hooks is an educated woman, feministRead MoreChildren Should Not Withhold Discipline From A Child845 Words   |  4 PagesDo not withhold discipline from a child; if you strike him with a rod, he will not die. If you strike him with the rod, you will save his soul from Sheol.Proverbs 23:13-14. Spanking children is used as a form of discipline if brought upon with a valid reason. Peoples opinions may very because everything has an extent it can be taken to expressly discipline. Disciplining children has been an widely controversial topic for many years as in the forms , the things used to discipline children, and theRead MoreShould Child Discipline On A Physical Level?1462 Words   |  6 PagesIs it illegal to slap or smack a child as a form of discipline? Should it be? With the changing of times questions are being raised whether or not smacking or slapping a child is right or wrong by todays standards, This essay is going to argue why child discipline on a physical level should not only been illegal but why the country as a whole needs to ban it. As of the current point in time there are currently no laws making slapping, smacking or striking a child â€Å"illegal†. The only law that isRead MoreChild Discipline3229 Words   |  13 PagesAnton Shusterman June 4th, 2011 Child Discipline The most important thing in a child’s life is how his parents treat him. His future and the potential for growth and success are determined by the type of childhood that a person experiences. Sometimes parents don’t understand how important it is to treat their children well. Parents don’t think about the words that they say to their children or the actions that they take around them. Some parents think their children are too small and they willRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Discipline925 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween child abuse and child discipline. Abuse is any action that intentionally harms or injures another person. Discipline is punishment that is intended to correct or train. Some parents do not see the harm in their form of discipline, but others may view it as abuse. It may not be the parent’s intention to harm their child but it is something that occurs. â€Å"In 2012, state agencies found an estimate 686,000 of child maltreatment.† .*(*K ids Count) Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuseRead MoreIs Discipline A Child Abuse?969 Words   |  4 PagesIs Discipline Child Abuse? What does the word child abuse mean in your own words? Some people believe child abuse includes neglect, punishment, physical or emotional maltreatment. Child abuse is all over the world. Every day a child is either abused or neglected. Since the late 1900’s child abuse was commonly used in the United States (Gale). Now it is slowly coming to its ending point. Since 1992, only two states, Delaware and Oklahoma, have experienced consistent increases today. Is discipline

Portfolio Management And Diversification Essay Example For Students

Portfolio Management And Diversification Essay PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT AND DIVERSIFICATIONIntroduction:Portfolio management is a conglomeration of securities as whole, rather than unrelated individual holdings. Portfolio management stresses the selection of securities for inclusion in the portfolio based on that security’s contribution to the portfolio as a whole. This purposes that there some synergy or some interaction among the securities results in the total portfolio effect being something more than the sum of its parts. When the securities are combined in a portfolio, the return on the portfolio will be an average of the returns of the securities in the portfolio. For example, if a portfolio was comprised on equal positions in two securities, whose returns are 15% and 20%, the return on the portfolio, will the average of the returns of the two securities in the portfolio, or 17.5%. From this we will discuss the process of creating a diversified portfolio. The diversified portfolio is a theory of investing that reduces t he risk of losing all your money when â€Å"all your eggs† are not in one basket. Diversification limits your risk an over the long run, can improve your total returns. This is achieved by putting assets in several categories of investments. Portfolio Process:The portfolio process is as follows:1. Designing an investment objective;2. Developing and implementing an asset mix;3. Monitoring the economy and the markets;4. Adjusting the portfolio and measuring the performanceDue to the intensity of each of the four items, we will be covering only the first two. 1. Investment Objective:This topic is broad and contains three major divisions. They are foundation objectives, constraints and major objectives. Foundation Objectives: These objectives generally receive the most attention from investors and are determined by thorough determination of your needs, preferences and resources. ? Return – you need to determine whether you prefer a strategy of return maximization, where assets are invested to make the greatest return possible while staying within the risk tolerance level, or whether a required minimum return with certainty is preferable, generating only as much return with emphasis on risk reduction. ? Risk – There are many ways to assess the risk tolerance of any particular investor, from the least knowledgeable of investments to the very sophisticated investor. Besides the risk you are willing to take, there must be a measure of the risk associated with each security be considered for the inclusion in the portfolio. It is important to recognize the difference between the risk of an individual security and the risk of the portfolio as a whole. The risk of a portfolio is less than the average risk of its holdings, your risk tolerance should be matched to the risk of the overall portfolio and not to the risk of each security. ? Inflation – Although some degree of inflation protection is needed, the extent will vary depending upon the time horizon and the goal of using the portfolio to generate income for future cash consideration. Whereas, someone using a short term trading strategy and interested in maximization of capital gains may concentrate less on this factor. ? Time Horizon The time horizon is the period of time from the present until the next major change in your circumstances. A good portfolio design will reflect this time change. For example – at 25 years of age and normal retirement at age 60 does not necessarily mean the time horizon is 35 years. Different events in your life can represent the end of one time horizon and the beginning of a new time horizon and a need for a complete rebalancing of your portfolio. These events could include finishing university, purchase of a new home and many others beside retirement. ? Liquidity In portfolio management this is the amount of cash and near-cash in the portfolio. For liquidity purposes, if you are wealthy and risk tolerant you may choice to have about 5% of your portfolio in cash, this does mean that the cash component will never rise above 5% due to the market cycle. Whereas those who are risk adverse may choice to have 10% or more in cash. ? Taxation The level of taxation will determine the choices that are made in regards to the choice of tax advantaged securities such as some limited partnerships as well as the choice of tax deferral plans. The Knife Essay? Equities – There are several different types of securities included in this asset class. The following are just a few of such securities: common shares, rights, warrants and options. The main purpose of this asset class is generate capital gains either through active trading or long term growth in value. There will also be cash from this section due to a dividend stream. The objectives and constraints that will have influence in this asset class are risk, return, time horizon and inflation to name a few. This account may also account for 15% to 95% of a diversified portfolio. 2. Asset Mix:The next step in the asset allocation process to determine the appropriate balance among the selected asset classes. To determine the appropriate asset mix you must know who you are and what you want out of your investment. A different mix would occur if you were young professional, a middle aged factory worker or a senior citizen. For example:? Young, single professional with medium investment, high risk tolerance and long time horizon may choose the following asset mix:Cash 5%Fixed Income 25%Equities 70%? Middle-aged factory worker, married, three children. With concerns about future employment and funding college education, with low investment knowledge and medium risk tolerance may choice the following asset mix:Cash 10%Fixed Income 40%Equities 50%? Senior citizen with no income other than government pension, with medium time horizon and low risk tolerance may choice the following asset mix:Cash 8%Fixed Income 62%Equities 30%When creating your diversified portfolio i t will need to be constructed within your own particular risk guidelines. Therefore it is important to manage risk within your portfolio. When managing risk there two types of risk to be cognizant of, they are:? Systematic or market risk This risk pertains to each capital market, which can be volatile. Therefore, when the stock market averages fall, most individual stocks fall and when interest rates rise nearly all-individual bonds and preferred shares fall in value. Systematic risk can not be diversified away; the more a portfolio becomes diversified, the more it ends up mirroring the market. ? Nonsystematic or security specific risk – This risk pertains to the risk that the price of a specific security or a specific group of securities will change in price to a different degree or in a different direction from the market as a whole. Diversifying among a number of securities can reduce nonsystematic risk. Both of these types of risk can be avoided when you correctly evaluate your risk guidelines and determine the maximum amount of risk that you are willing to handle. Conclusion: Once your portfolio has been established then next step in the management is to evaluate your portfolio’s performance. The success of your portfolio is determined by comparing the total rate of return of the portfolio to the average total return of comparable portfolios. It is essential to develop a system to monitor the appropriateness of the securities that comprise the portfolio and the strategies governing it. The process is twofold as it involves monitoring:? The changes in your goals, financial position and preferences;? Expectations in capital markets and individual companies;Remember that diversification is more than placing your eggs in different baskets. It is also making sure that all your baskets aren’t made from the same material. BibliographyReferences:Wall Street 101, www.familyint ernet.comLearning to Invest, www.learningtoinvest.comYour Money Coach, www.yourmoneycoach.comBusiness Essays

Training is the Answer

Introduction In this article, the author has developed a very strong argument on whether or not training can be considered as an ultimate solution. He both agrees and disagrees with this argument but all in all, in his agreement, a negative response is clearly seen.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training is the Answer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His bottom line, however, is that training is not enough hence cannot be the only solution, rather it is part of the solution. In the article, he says that training cannot be a solution to any problem and more so when used as a way of covering up the main problem (Blanchard Thacker 2010). Author’s Main Point He argues that a solution can only be reached when an organization checks how it dealt with a similar problem in the past, and also how other companies are dealing with the same problem. This will give the troubled company a valid structure to build up in the attempt to solve its issues. His argument is backed by the notion that there is almost zero chances for anything new to happen in the world. Everything that happens happened in the past to another organization. With such an understanding, then it is important to note that help can also be derived from other victims of the same problem. Training according to the author is not an effective method if not well administered. He says clearly that training is not an ‘information dump’ rather the main reason for effecting a training program should be to change people’s behavior (Blanchard Thacker 2010). Training without a purpose will not have any impact on the organization and will ultimately be a waste of time and resources. Effective Training The question an organization should ask before strategizing on training should be what the training will do to the trainees: not necessarily the content of the training kit, but the way that training will affect the train ee in terms of behavior. He puts more emphasis on the transformation via training rather than passing knowledge.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are two arguments about the approach of training that the author puts in the first place in the article. The first one is suggested by Robert Reich, and it says that effective programs concentrate on the middle and low level employees. Another argument presented by the author is raised by Oberle. He argues that job training should be focused on leaders. The Oberle’s approach assumes that leaders demonstrating good behaviors will be role models for their teams and hence, will have a good influence on the rest of the workers. Barney (2010) in his article agrees with the two arguments while defining which of the approaches to the behavioral change will have a greater impact if training is focused on it. The author explic itly shows the good and the bad sides of a training program. While a program can benefit one person differently from the other, employees are developing a negative response toward training due to some reasons. One of the reasons that makes it ineffective is the fact that many employees are forced to attend these programs (Nowack, 1991). A good example is the scenario he has presented where an employee was forced by her employer to attend a program just because the boss was a product of the same. In the case above, the employer will attend that program as a slave rather than with the much needed learning approach. In such a situation therefore, it is impossible to transform the trainee since his or her attitude is already damaged, Aad this has been experienced in programs whereby the employees were forced to attend training programs which did not suit them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training is the Answer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11 /page Learn More That is why the author advices that the training program should have a specific target audience and a precise intention to transform workers’ character into desired habits. Steps to Effective Training To help the employee from such a situation, the author recommends some simple preparatory steps to that effect (Blanchard Thacker 2010). They include: Considering the employee’s input before effecting a program to train them. Creating an effective track record through simple beginning Define natural leaders within the team who will then advocate and recommend the training to the rest. Make sure the employees understood the problem and agree with the need for training. Inform the employees of the progress to gain support Test the program before rolling it out to all. Train only when the need for training arises. Select, monitor evaluate the training program every now and then. Decide on the training details such as an outside or inside tra iner and on-site or off-site training among other steps. My Opinion I agree with the author’s point of view that training may not offer the ultimate solution to any organizational problem. However, I still maintain that training is vital if any progress is to be realized. For a personal or organizational behavior to be harmonized, there has to be a form of training to help have a level playing ground. The employees have to be taught ways in which the leadership desires them to behave and conduct the business (Nowack, 1991). For this reason, training is the only tool that can help mitigate this problem. In addition to that, I believe training is paramount and the notion that it is of no economic importance is far fetched. My opinion is supported in the article by the admission made by the author’s steps of achieving an effective training program. There is no way the corporate culture of a company can be matched without introducing a wholesome training program that supp orts growth. To pass corporate culture from one generation of workers to the next training is vital. Helping the Course This article has helped in analyzing the user training. It has clearly shown how training can be effective, as well as demonstrated approaches that can lead to retrogressive efforts in the name of training. The steps provided give the reader an outline on how to manage training and make training programs as effective as possible.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The approach of looking at how others with a similar problem handled it is a viable way to find a solution. The author therefore has given the reader an opportunity to critically look at the training programs he or she may want to effect in a different light all together. Conclusion In conclusion, this article has been well researched and the facts therein are accurately presented to show the real image of the training or rather the HR department. It has given a new approach and knowledge in the process of training and now the HR departments know better about the need for training. Training, as discussed in the article, should not be a routine but an action influenced a rising or even an anticipated need. References Blanchard, N.P., Thacker, J. (2010). Effective training, systems, strategies and practices (Custom 4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Nowack, K.M. (1991). A Quantitative Approach to Training Needs Analysis. Training and Development Journal, 1 (45), 69-73. Retrieved from: http://performancetechnology.com/ptg_pdfs/qp0305stetar.pdf This essay on Training is the Answer was written and submitted by user Thunderball to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.